Lecture - Resp (Usher Antibiotics Intro) Flashcards
1
Q
Basics
- What even are antiobiotics?
- what three ways can you give these bioavailable compounds? - They interefer with specific bacterial what?
- Differential toxicity for bacterial cells
- target shouldnt be present in what? or the target should be what? - Broad vs narrow spectrum of activity - what does this mean?
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2
Q
Overview of all (slide 6)
- SO there are three types of anti-biotics - what are they?
- In the cell wall synthesis ABs - what are the four types of ABs?
- why do we target cell walls? - Nucleic acid synthesis - what are the 4 types of ABs here?
- In the prtein synthesis, what are the two types of ABs?
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3
Q
What is the difference between a gram-positive cell wall and a gram-negative cell wall?
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4
Q
Okay, so with cell wall synthesis, how does it work?
A
So the penicillin-binding protein (transpeptidase) cross-links peptide side chains of peptidoglycan. So this matrix of peptidoglycan. Serine is in the active site and is important in the cross linking of these peptide chains
5
Q
B-lactams
- What does the B-lactam ring of penicillin look like? Is this present in all beta lactams?
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6
Q
Classes of B-lactams
- Classes differ in spectra of ____ and ______ to beta-lactamases
- Multiple drugs within classes due to modifcation of what?
- so these modifications affect what? - Maybe tell me the classes of the b-lactams?
- What about allergy?
- What step do B-lactams inhibit in the peptidoglycan synthesis?
- bind _____ to the transpeptidase due to what type of bond with what?
- inhibits what?
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7
Q
Glycopeptides! (still cell wall synthesis ABs)
- These include what ABs?
- What spectrum of bacteria do the glycopeptides work on?
- whyyyyy?
- can you give it orally? Why? - Glycopeptides bind to what? This inhibits the cross linking too
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8
Q
Protein synthesis inhibitors
- Bind to what in the ribosome functional sites?
- How do you get differential selectivity here?
- What are the two ABs in the 16s rna and what are the three in the 23 rna?
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9
Q
Nucleic acid synthesis
- Which one is mainly effective against anaerobes?
- What two ABs can have resistance developing by chromosomal mutation during therapy? SO what does that say about treatment and the use of these ABs?
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10
Q
Nucleic acid synthesis: ABs that target folate synthesis
- Bacterial pathway for production of _________ acid
- what is this an essential co-factor for? - Sulphoamides
- these are structurally similar to what?
- whereabouts in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid pathway does this AB work?
- they compete with what? - Trimethoprim
- structurally similar to what?
- competitive inhibitor of what? - DO we often use sulphoamides and trimethoprim on their own?
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11
Q
Nucleic acid synthesis: Fluoroquinolones
- What’s an example of this AB?
- How does it work?
- what do type 2 topoisomerases normally do?
- what is DNA supercoiling required for?
- remodeling/unwinding of DNA is required for what?
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12
Q
Nucleic acid synthesis: Metronidazole
- Makes what in the DNA?
- It is a prodrug - what does that mean?
- so what is it activated by and where is it found? - What spectrum does this ABs therefore cover?
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