Lecture 2 Public Health - road crash injuries

Question 1

For effective injury prevention and control, injuries must be defined simultaneously by what two things?

Answer 1

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Question 2

What four things do you use for classification of injuries and what is the main point with the level of classification that you choose

Answer 2

1. Intentional/unin
2. Nature and area of injury
3. Purpose of activity
4. Setting of event
5. What level of classification you choose depends on what your questions are

Question 3

What is the evidence based approach to injury prevention:

1. What is the underlying assumption with injuries?
2. When the evidence-based approach to injury prevention applies epidemiological analysis to understanding injuries, what three things does it do?
3. Models form the basis for many approaches to understanding injuries in the community, what is a common perspective to guide research efforts?
4. What is the public health approach to prevention?

Answer 3

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Question 4

What is the burden of injury in NZ (1990 vs 2015)

Answer 4

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Question 5

NZ burden - DALYs:

1. Injury (fatal + non fatal) related to health loss is ___ most important cause across all age groups
2. ___ most important cause in children and young people
3. ____ account for nearly 3/4 of injury-related health loss
4. Maori are ____ the rate compared to non-Maori

Answer 5

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Question 6

For fatal/injury crashes by age, gender by km driven, what was the stats like for the youngsters?

Answer 6

Younger age groups (bars are distance drive – good denom bc takes into account the difference in exposure) are circled because (lines are by licenses) they have high risk. Older drivers are also at risk because frailty – if they have a crash, they’re more likely to suffer serious complication because of their body etc. Females young higher risk than young makes – first time in history

Question 7

1. Cost of also a burden of road traffic injury, what two types of cost are associated with them?
2. Give a brief overview of what the social cost of a road crash or road injury is for NZ?
   3.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Now that you have described the problem, you need to develop an evidence base to help you decide about interventions - what do you start by doing?

Answer 8

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Question 9

Identifying causes of injury and intervention - what about it?

Answer 9

1. Look at causes, risk factors
2. RTIs have multiple causes
3. See the driver, vehicle and environment etc

Question 10

What was the old approach for understanding and preventing injury? What’s the new one?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What does a Haddon Matrix look like?

Answer 11

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Question 12

Where do you look for evidence about causes for crashes?

Answer 12

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Question 13

Traffic crash reports -what are limitations for assessing causality?

Answer 13

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Question 14

What is the major issue when looking at causes of injury?

Important exposures may be ______ or intermittent

Answer 14

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Question 15

Interventions:

1. Both primary and secondary prevents need to be considered. Passive as well as active are both good. For primary, what should we consider? High risk individuals or population-based approaches

Answer 15

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