Lecture - Resp (Bevin Physiol 7 Control)

Question 1

What is the equation for O2 content of the blood?

Question 2

1. What happens to the O2 content in anaemia?
2. What about their saturation curve?
3. So do anemic people generally have symptoms? When?

Question 3

CO:

1. Whay does CO interfere with?
2. Alright so what happens to the O2 content?
3. What about the saturation curve? What happens to that if anything at all?

Question 4

CO2 transport:

1. What are the three ways in which this is transported?
2. What is the Hamburger effect?
3. What protein is CO2 bound to most commonly when it is transported as a carbamino compund?
4. How are carbamino compounds even formed?

Question 5

What is the Haldane effect and how does it differ from Bohr effect?

Question 6

What are the three basic elements to the control of breathing?

What does each do?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Explain how the diagram works on slide 22 in your own words

Question 8

Central controller - resp centre - brainstem

1. So normal automatic process of breathing originates where?
2. What can override these centres for voluntary control?
3. Where does this respiratory centre receive its inputs?
4. Braintem - periodic nature of inspiration and expiration is controlled by neurons located in pons and medulla (respiratory centres). What are the three main group of neurons?
5. What is the major output via?

Question 9

Chemoreceptors

CCR:

1. Where are these located?
2. What are they sensitive to?
3. What do they respond to?

PCR:

1. Location?
2. Respond to?
3. Slow responding or fast responding?

Question 10

Ventilatory responses

1. What is the most important stimulus to ventilation?
2. Where does most of the stimulus come from?
3. What is the ventilatory response to PCO2 reduced by?
4. What magnifies the ventilatory response to CO2?

Ventilatory response to hypoxia:

1. What receptors are involved here?
2. What’s the control like during normoxic conditions?
3. What is the ventilatory response to hypoxia augmented by?
4. Why does hypoxic control become important in altitude and in long term hypercapnia cuased by ______ ______ disease?
   - actually, what is the deal with the chronic retention of CO2 and how PaO2 can become the principal ypoxic stimulus
   - what id you adminster high O2 mix to these people?

Question 11

Okay so we dont just have chemoreceptors - what are the other non-chemical methods of conrtrolling breathing?