Lecture 2 Blood (anaemia) Flashcards
What is anaemia and what are the reference ranges for:
- Females
- Males
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
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I’m gonna list symptoms and signs in examinations for anaemia - tell me why they exist:
- Mild symptoms
- Weakness
- Short of breath
- Heart racing, palpitations
- Pounding in head/headache
- Pallor of mucous membrane
- Feel cold
- If vascular disease present, then you can angina and claudication
Clinical exam
- Pallor of mucous membranes (looking at lower eye lid)
- Increased pulse rate
- In severe anemia, pulse rate increased and retinal haemorrhage and heart failure
- Severe anaemia with co-existing vascular disease: myocardial ischaemia in ECG/exercise test annnnnnd confusion - “brain failure” because ____?
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A practical approach to assessing the blood screen:
- What three things do you ask yourself and what are their technical names?
- Is this the etiological classification of anaemia?
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Causes of anaemia:
- What’s the first and what’re some examples?
- Impaired ____ ____ production because disturbance of what? What three things can cause that?
- Increased rate of what? Inherited and acquired
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Go read the table of anaemia classification and make sure you understand it
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The kinetic picture of anaemias:
Draw these in your head and explain why you drew them that way
- Normal erythropoiesis
- Erythroid hypoplasia
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Ineffective erythropoiesis
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Microcytic hypochromic anaemia:
- Two main causes, what are they?
- Those who have thaslassaemia - will they respond the iron treatment?
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Macrocytic anaemia:
- An important cause of it is?
- What are other non-megaloblastic causes? (3)
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Normocytic normochromic anaemia
- A large and heterogenous (acquired) collection of anaemia. Many are common - what 6 causes are there?
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Normocytic normochromic anaemia due to renal disease
- Mainly due to….
- Responds to _____ injection of erythropoietin
- Some waste products do what to red cell survival?
- Anaemia of ___ ____ may also be present
- Blood doping - whaaaat is it
- EPO treatment in cancer patients - Hb conc raised about what is bad and FDA cautioned?
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Normocytic normochromic anaemia due to renal disease
- Mainly due to….
- Responds to _____ injection of erythropoietin
- Some waste products do what to red cell survival?
- Anaemia of ___ ____ may also be present
- Blood doping - whaaaat is it
- EPO treatment in cancer patients - Hb conc raised about what is bad and FDA cautioned?
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(Mild) Normocytic normochromic anaemia from cancer
- It is anaemia of chronic disease and what?
- What two other factors may make the anaemia more severe
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Inherited haemolytic anaemia
- Uncommon/rare in NZ but what three things cause it?
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What are acquired causes of haemolytic (4)
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What are acquired causes of haemolytic (4)
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