Final Review Flashcards
βλέπω ἔβλεπον βλέψω ῎βλεψα –
I see
Articles are words that signify ___.
nouns
long
μακρός –ά –όν
In the feminine, adjectives have pure α endings if the stem ends in ___; otherwise they have pure η endings.
ρ, ι, or ε
they are
εἰσί(ν)
περί (w/gen.)
about, concerning
What English helping verbs are not used to translate the aorist tense?
have, has; perfect
φεύγω ἔφευγον φεύξομαι ἔφυγον πέφυγα
I flee
love
ἀγάπη –ης ἡ
τέκνον -ου τό
child
politics
πολίτης –ου ὁ
behind, after
μετά (μετ´, μεθ´) (w/acc.)
writing, scripture
γραφή -ῆς ἡ
brother
ἀδελψός –οῦ ό
In the beginning was the Word
᾽Ευ ἀρχῆ ἦν ὁ Λόγος
demon
δαιμόνιον –ου τό
δαιμόνιον –ου τό
demon
An adjective alone functioning as a noun is in the ___ position.
substantive
σοφία –ας ἡ
wisdom
I say, speak, tell
λέγω ἔλεγον ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα εἰρήκειν
that, those
ἐκεῖος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο
desert
ἒρημος –ου ἡ
about, concerning
περί (w/gen.)
The first sign that identifies the imperfect tense is the ___.
imperfect tense endings
god
θεός –οῦ ό
εὐαγγέλιον–ου τό
gospel
κύριος –ου ό
lord, master
What is an antecedent?
the noun the pronoun refers to or takes the place of
κράζω ἔκραζον κράξω ἔκραξα κέκραγα
I cry out, call out
eye
ὀφθαλμός –οῦ ὁ
σύν (w/dat.)
with
glory
δόξα –ης ἡ
διά (δι´) (w/gen.)
through
assembly, church
έκκλησία –ας ή
If a verb with a single consonant is an aspirated stop (___), the verb will reduplicate by ___.
φ, χ, θ; prefixing an unvoiced stop (π, κ, τ) plus ε
therefore
οὖν (postpositive adv.)
The sea, sea!
Θάλαττα, θάλαττα!
What is the 2nd principal part
1st person singular, future tense
άρετή -ῆς ἡ
excellence
The second sign that identifies the imperfect tense is called ___ and means ___.
augment; “to increase”
δός μοι ποῦ στω, καὶ κινῶ τὴν γῆν.
Give me where I may stand, and I will move the earth.
infant
παιδίον–ου τό
head
κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ
different, other
ἔτερος –α –ον
What kind of pronouns point out persons or things
demonstrative
Ἔργον δ᾽οὐδὲν ὄνειδος
Work has no reproach
γινώσκω ἐγίνωσκον γνώσομαι ἔγνων ἔγνωκα ἐλνώειν
I know
λέγω ἔλεγον ἐρῶ εἶπον εἴρηκα εἰρήκειν
I say, speak, tell
What is the 3rd principal part?
1st person singular, aorist tense
By this, we know love …
Ἐν τούτῳ ἐγνώκαμεν τὴν ἀγ¨απην …
day
ἡμέρα –ας ἡ
ὑπό (ὑπ´, ὑφ´) (w/gen.)
by
good, brave
ἀγαθός –ή –όν
sailor
ναύτης –ου ὁ
διά (δι´) (w/acc.)
for the sake of, because of
προψήτης –ου ὁ
prophet
Verbs that being with a vowel or diphthong reduplicate by ___. This form of reduplication is identical to ___.
lengthening the initial vowel; temporal augment
ἐγείρω ἤγειρον ἐγερῶ ἤγειρα –
I raise up
on the one hand … on the other; but
μέν … δέ (postpositive conjs.)
μαθητής –οῦ ὁ
pupil, disciple
In Greek the possessive noun is in the ___ case.
genitive
και (conj.)
and
I find
εὐρίσκω ηὔρισκον εὑρήσω εὗρον εὕρηκα
A/An ___ conjunction cannot stand first in the sentence or clause.
postpositive
Many from that city believed
Ἐκ τπης πόλεως έκίνης πολλοί ἐπίοτεησαν
When a verb begins with a vowel, the stem will be augmented by ___ the initial vowel. This is called ___.
lengthening; temporal augment
βιβλίον -ου τό
book, school
Verbs whose stem ends in a liquid consonant take slightly different endings in what two tenses?
the future and first aorist
Define adjective
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun
Give the neuter rule.
The nominative and accusative case forms are identical and the nominative and accusative plural case ending is -α.
Know Thyself
Γνῶθτ Σαυτόν
α lengthens to , ε to , and ο to __.
η; η; ω
I go, walk
βαίνω ῎βαινον βήσομαι ἔβην βἐβηκα
An adjective in the attributive position must always be preceded by a/an ___.
article
τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι …
I have fought the good fight.
νῦν (adv.)
now
crowd
ὄχλος –ου ὁ
into, to
είς (w/acc.)
I, me, my
ἐγώ
ἐκεῖος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο
that, those
life
ζωή –ῆς ἡ
νόμος –ου ὁ
law
by
ὑπό (ὑπ´, ὑφ´) (w/gen.)
Βαοιλεία τοῦ Οὐραυοῦ
Kingdom of Heaven
πιοτεύω ἐπίστευον πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (ἐ)πεπιστεύκειν
I believe (w/dat.)
λίθος –ου ὁ
stone
ἒοχατος –η –ον
last
this, these
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο
ἐν (w/dat.)
in
Verbs that begin with a single consonant reduplicate by ___.
prefixing the initial consonant plus ε to the beginning of the verb
νίχη –ῆς ἡ
victory
ἀρχή –ῆς ἡ
beginning, ruler
What is the 1st principal part?
1st person singular, present tense
Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
Blessed are the poor in spirit
ὄλος –η –ον
whole
εἰ (conj.)
if
I glorify
δοξάζω ἐδόξαζον δοξάσω ἐδόξασα δεδόξαχα
I hear
ἀκούω ἤκουον ἀκούσω ἤκουαα ἀκήκοα
tree
δένδρου -ου τό
If the verb is a compound verb, the augment will be added after a/an ___.
shortened preposition
Greek does not have the ___ article. The word νίκη may be translated as ___ or ___.
indefinite; victory; a victory
λύω ἔλυον λὐσω ἔλυσα λέλυκα (ἐ)λελύκειν
I loose(n), destroy
Blessed are the poor in spirit
Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι
θάλασσα –ης ἡ
sea, lake
he, she, it, is
ἐοτί(ν)
πρός (w/acc.)
to, toward, for
How many principal parts do Greek verbs have?
six
If the reduplicated stem already begins with a vowel, will the pluperfect augment?
no
What is the 4th principal part?
1st person singular, perfect tense
present infinitive ending
-ειυ
The future tense sign is a/an ___ inserted between the present stem and the ___
σ; present tense endings
house
οικία –ας ή
εἰρήνη -ῆς ἡ
peace
you all, your all’s
ὑμεῖς
wisdom
σοφία –ας ἡ
I save
μένω ἔμενον μενῶ ἔσωσα σέσωκα
tongue, language
γλῶσσα –ης ἡ
δένδρου -ου τό
tree
against
κατά (κατ´, καθ´) (w/gen.)
γάρ (postpositive conjunction)
for
Ἐγένετο σὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
And it came to pass in those days
I know
γινώσκω ἐγίνωσκον γνώσομαι ἔγνων ἔγνωκα ἐλνώειν
last
ἒοχατος –η –ον
πείθω ἔπειθον πείσω ἔπεισα πέποιθα (ἐ)πεποίθειν
I persuade
οὖν (postpositive adv.)
therefore
-ειυ
present infinitive ending
περί (w/acc.)
around
μετά (μετ´, μεθ´) (w/gen.)
with
μικρός –ά –όν
small
Does the second aorist have a different meaning from the first aorist?
no
I see
βλέπω ἔβλεπον βλέψω ῎βλεψα –
ἀπό (w/gen.)
from
ἄρχω ἦρχον ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦρξα ἦρχα
I rule (w/gen.)
peace
εἰρήνη -ῆς ἡ
άλήθεια –ας ή
truth
σημεῖον–ου τό
sign
The second sign that identifies the perfect tense is called ___ and means ___.
reduplication; “to repeat”
διώκω ἐδίωκον διώξω ἐδίωξα δεδίωχα
I persecute, pursue
ἀγαθός –ή –όν
good, brave
The pluperfect tense is formed by adding ___ endings to a/an ___ stem.
pluperfect tense; augmented, reduplicated
εἰσί(ν)
they are
καρδία –ας ή
heart
out of
ἐκ, ἐξ (w/gen.)
authority
ἐζουσία –ας ἡ
I cry out, call out
κράζω ἔκραζον κράξω ἔκραξα κέκραγα
ἆγγελος –ου ὁ
angel, messenger
πολίτης –ου ὁ
politics
I heal, serve
θεραπεὐω ἐθράπευον θεραπεύσω ἐθεράπευσα τεθεράπευκα
apostle
ἀπόστολος –ου ὁ
I remain, stay
μένω ἔμενον μενῶ ἔμεινα μεμένηκα (ἐ)μεμενήειν
The second sign that identifies the perfect tense is called ___ and means ___.
reduplication; “to repeat”
earth, land, soil
γῆ –ῆς ἡ
έκκλησία –ας ή
assembly, church
kingdom
Βασιλεία –ας ή
according to
κατά (κατ´, καθ´) (w/acc.)
ἀπόστολος –ου ὁ
apostle
ἄγω ἦγον ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα
I lead
ὄχλος –ου ὁ
crowd
How do you find the present stem of a verb?
Drop the final -ω from the 1st person singular form.
ναύτης –ου ὁ
sailor
under
ὑπό (ὑπ´, ὑφ´) (w/acc.)
with (w/gen.)
μετά (μετ´, μεθ´)
οικία –ας ή
house
Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριοτὸς
Jesus Christ is Lord
heaven, sky
oὐρανός –οῦ ὁ
I go down
καταβαίνω κατέβαινον καταβήσομαι κατέβην καταβέβηκα
εἰυί
I am
καλός –ά –όν
beautiful, honorable
In English, I loose is the ___ present, I am loosing is the ____ present, and I do loose is the emphatic present.
simple, progressive, emphatic
ἔνθεν μὲν Σκύλλη, ἑτέρωθι δὲ δῖα Χάρηβδ
one the one side was Scylla, but on the other side divine Charybdis
ἐγώ
I, me, my
θἐλω ἤθελον θελήσω ἠθέλησα τεθέληκα
I wish, will, desire
δόξα –ης ἡ
glory
If the present stem ends in a vowel, the stem will or will not change when σ is added?
will not
ἀγάπη –ης ἡ
love
Articles are considered what part of speech?
adjectives
I persecute, pursue
διώκω ἐδίωκον διώξω ἐδίωξα δεδίωχα
Name the four principal parts in order.
present, future, aorist, perfect
face
πρόσωπον–ου τό
Demonstrative pronouns function as both ___ and ___.
adjectives; pronouns
In the singular of 1st and 2nd person pronouns, there are emphatic and unemphatic forms.
The ___ are used for emphasis or after a preposition.
The ___ are used as the regular pronouns or for a possessive.
emphatic; unemphatic
sin
ἁμαρτἰα –ας ἡ
slave, servant
δοῦλος –ου ὁ
I go up
ἀναβαίνω ἀνέβαινον ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα
What person/number of the imperfect also has a moveable ν
3rd person singular
Ἐν τούτῳ ἐγνώκαμεν τὴν ἀγ¨απην …
By this, we know love …
What are the four liquid consonants?
λ, μ, ν, ρ
work, deed
ἒργον -ου τό
horse
ἲππος –ου ό
for
γάρ (postpositive conjunction)
ἀναβαίνω ἀνέβαινον ἀναβήσομαι ἀνέβην ἀναβέβηκα
I go up
βαπτίζω ἐβάπτιζον βαπτίσω ἐβάπτσα –
I baptize
every good tree bringeth forth good fruit
πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ
Give PIE Rule.
If the stem of a noun or adjective in is ρ, ι, or ε (PIE), the singular case endings will follow the pure -α pattern.
When a verb begins with a consonant, the stem will be augmented by ___. This is called ___.
ἐ; syllabic augment
What two tenses are not principal parts?
imperfect, pluperfect
Christ
χριστός –οῦ ὁ
Kingdom of Heaven
Βαοιλεία τοῦ Οὐραυοῦ
one the one side was Scylla, but on the other side divine Charybdis
ἔνθεν μὲν Σκύλλη, ἑτέρωθι δὲ δῖα Χάρηβδ
θεός –οῦ ό
god
πῶς (adv.)
how? (introduces a question)
Jesus Christ is Lord
Κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριοτὸς
ποταμός –οῦ ό
river
oὐρανός –οῦ ὁ
heaven, sky
διδάςκω ἐδίδασκον διδάξω ἐδίδαξα δεδιδαχα
I teach
ἒρημος –ου ἡ
desert
μέν … δέ (postpositive conjs.)
on the one hand … on the other; but
prophet
προψήτης –ου ὁ
ἐοτί(ν)
he, she, it, is
he, she, it; they
αὐτός, αὐτη, αὐτό
I am the Alpha and the Omega … the beginning and the end.
Ἐγω τὸ Ἄλφα καί τὸ Ὦ … ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος.
Βασιλεία –ας ή
kingdom
bad
κακός –ή –όν
An adjective in the predicate position is never preceded by a/an ___.
article
μένω ἔμενον μενῶ ἔσωσα σέσωκα
I save
There are two ways, one of life and one of death …
῾Οδοὶ δύο εισί, μία τῆς ζωῆς καὶ μία τοῦ θανάτου …
ἀδελψός –οῦ ό
brother
Verbs whose stem ends in a liquid consonant take slightly different endings in what two tenses?
the future and first aorist
αρετη
excellence
First declension nouns with the nominative singular ending -ης are always ___ in gender.
masculine
ἂγιος –α –ον
holy
but (conj.)
ἀλλά
son
υἱός –οῦ ὁ
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
nouns that end in -ος are usually masculine
nouns that end in -ον are always neuter
A pronoun is a word that ___.
takes the place of a noun
ἀκούω ἤκουον ἀκούσω ἤκουαα ἀκήκοα
I hear
In what three respects does the near demonstrative refer to something close to the speaker, and the far demonstrative to something remote from the speaker?
time, place, or thought
Verbs whose stem ends in a liquid consonant take slightly different endings in what two tenses?
the future and first aorist
ζωή –ῆς ἡ
life
Divine Homer
Θεῖος Ὅμηρος
honor, respect
τιμή -ῆς ἡ
The Greek use of the article differs from English in that Greek commonly uses its article with ___ nouns and ___ nouns.
proper; abstract
ἐκεῖ (adv.)
there
soul, life
ψυχή -ῆς ἡ
Νενικήκαμεν!
We have won!
I believe (w/dat.)
πιοτεύω ἐπίστευον πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (ἐ)πεπιστεύκειν
Do mixed nouns follow the PIE rule?
no
Γνῶθτ Σαυτόν
Know Thyself
to loose
λύειυ
ἰερόν -ου τό
temple
righteous, just
δίκαιος –α –ον
bread
ἄρτος –ου ὁ
κηρὐσσω ἐκήρυσσον κράξω έδίδαξα δεδίδαχα
I preach
for the friend is another self
ἕτερος γἀρ αὐτὸς ὁ φίλος ἐστίν
γράφω ἔγραφον γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα
I write
around
περί (w/acc.)
excellence
άρετή -ῆς ἡ
θάνατος –ου ὁ
death
I preach
κηρὐσσω ἐκήρυσσον κράξω έδίδαξα δεδίδαχα
Θάλαττα, θάλαττα!
The sea, sea!
The predicate nominative is in the ___ case.
nominative
γλῶσσα –ης ἡ
tongue, language
gospel
εὐαγγέλιον–ου τό
δίκαιος –α –ον
righteous, just
ἁμαρτἰα –ας ἡ
sin
μένω ἔμενον μενῶ ἔμεινα μεμένηκα (ἐ)μεμενήειν
I remain, stay
you, your
σύ
people
λαός –οῦ ό
λύειυ
to loose
λόγος –ου ό
word
I leave
λείπω ἔλειπον λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα
Give me where I may stand, and I will move the earth.
δός μοι ποῦ στω, καὶ κινῶ τὴν γῆν.
Ἐκ τπης πόλεως έκίνης πολλοί ἐπίοτεησαν
Many from that city believed
κεφαλή -ῆς ἡ
head
We have won!
Νενικήκαμεν!
temple
ἰερόν -ου τό
I send
πέμπω ἔπεμπον πέμψω ἔπεμψα πἐπομφα
πρόσωπον–ου τό
face
truth
άλήθεια –ας ή
βάλλω ἔβαλλον βαλῶ ῎βαλον βέβληκα
I throw
A preposition shows the ___ between a noun/pronoun and another word in a sentence.
relationship
first
πρῶτος –η –ον
αὐτός, αὐτη, αὐτό
he, she, it; they
πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ
every good tree bringeth forth good fruit
ὀφθαλμός –οῦ ὁ
eye
ἂνθρωπος –ου ό
man, person
I loose(n), destroy
λύω ἔλυον λὐσω ἔλυσα λέλυκα (ἐ)λελύκειν
child
τέκνον -ου τό
῾Οδοὶ δύο εισί, μία τῆς ζωῆς καὶ μία τοῦ θανάτου …
There are two ways, one of life and one of death …
ἀγορά –ᾶς ή
marketplace, market
In English, the indefinite articles are ___ and the definite article is ___.
a/an; the
ἔτερος –α –ον
different, other
What will always indicate a verb is in the pluperfect?
the pluperfect tense endings
μακρός –ά –όν
long
how? (introduces a question)
πῶς (adv.)
to, toward, for
πρός (w/acc.)
πέμπω ἔπεμπον πέμψω ἔπεμψα πἐπομφα
I send
What distinguishes imperfect and second aorist forms?
the stem
boat
πλοῖον -ου τό
small
μικρός –ά –όν
μετά (μετ´, μεθ´) (w/acc.)
behind, after
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ´ ὑμῶν εἰμι
And behold, I am with you
Εὔρηκα!
I’ve found it!
sinner
ἁμαπτωλός –οῦ ὁ
κακός –ή –όν
bad
ἐζουσία –ας ἡ
authority
λαός –οῦ ό
people
sound, voice
φωυή –ῆς ἡ
I persuade
πείθω ἔπειθον πείσω ἔπεισα πέποιθα (ἐ)πεποίθειν
The indirect object of a verb is normally in the ___ case.
dative
είς (w/acc.)
into, to
and
και (conj.)
Give the nominative and singular endings for pure η nouns.
-η -ης
ἀλλά (conj.)
but
lord, master
κύριος –ου ό
The first person is the person ___. The second person is the person ___. The third person is the person ___.
speaking; spoken to; spoken about
δῶρον -ου τό
gift
victory
νίχη –ῆς ἡ
pupil, disciple
μαθητής –οῦ ὁ
I rule (w/gen.)
ἄρχω ἦρχον ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦρξα ἦρχα
The first aorist tense is formed by adding ___ endings to a/an ___ stem.
aorist tense; augmented
Nouns with the nominative singular ending -α are always ___ in gender.
feminine
The first sign that identifies the perfect tense is the ___.
perfect tense endings.
The infinitive is a/an ___ that means ___.
verbal noun; to + the verb
for the sake of, because of
διά (δι´) (w/acc.)
ἐκ, ἐξ (w/gen.)
out of
You shall love your neighbor as yourself
Ἀγαπἠσεισ τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν
λείπω ἔλειπον λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα
I leave
book, school
βιβλίον -ου τό
How do you find the stem of a Greek noun?
Drop the genitive singular ending.
I wish, will, desire
θἐλω ἤθελον θελήσω ἠθέλησα τεθέληκα
δέ (postpositive conjunction)
but
υἱός –οῦ ὁ
son
Ἀγαπἠσεισ τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν
You shall love your neighbor as yourself
man, person
ἂνθρωπος –ου ό
ἕτερος γἀρ αὐτὸς ὁ φίλος ἐστίν
for the friend is another self
I baptize
βαπτίζω ἐβάπτιζον βαπτίσω ἐβάπτσα –
The ___ position can also be used with two nouns to show a predicate nominative.
predicate
ἔχω εἶχον ἔξω ἔσχον ἔσχηκα
I have
ἒργον -ου τό
work, deed
A deponent has ___ forms but ___ meanings.
passive or middle; active
I flee
φεύγω ἔφευγον φεύξομαι ἔφυγον πέφυγα
word
λόγος –ου ό
Imperfect means ___. The imperfect tense is used to describe a/an ___ action.
“not finished”; continued or repeated
Most Greek verbs end in ___ in the first person singular.
-ω
if
εἰ (conj.)
παιδίον–ου τό
infant
stone
λίθος –ου ὁ
I teach
διδάςκω ἐδίδασκον διδάξω ἐδίδαξα δεδιδαχα
φωυή –ῆς ἡ
sound, voice
ώρα –ας ή
hour, time, season
angel, messenger
ἆγγελος –ου ὁ
κατά (κατ´, καθ´) (w/gen.)
against
If the present stem ends in a consonant stop, the stem will ___, according to the ___.
contract; Square of Stops and Stops Plus Sigma
βαίνω ῎βαινον βήσομαι ἔβην βἐβηκα
I go, walk
I raise up
ἐγείρω ἤγειρον ἐγερῶ ἤγειρα –
we, us, our
ἡμεῖς
ἲππος –ου ό
horse
We must save ourselves by a beautiful victory
καλῶς νικῶντες σωζώμεθα
When do you use the English pronoun it to translate m. and f. forms of αύτός and αὐτή?
when the antecedent is a non-living thing with grammatical gender
πλοῖον -ου τό
boat
τιμή -ῆς ἡ
honor, respect
now
νῦν (adv.)
In Greek, the neuter plural is frequently the subject of a/an ___ verb. This is sometimes called the ___ or the Attic Form.
Schema Atticum
δοῦλος –ου ὁ
slave, servant
As adjectives, demonstratives are usually in the ___ position but translated as if they were in the ___ position. The ___ is included but not translated.
predicate; attributive; definite article
with (w/dat.)
σύν
κατά (κατ´, καθ´) (w/acc.)
according to
Will pluperfect verbs beginning with a consonant always augment?
no
sea, lake
θάλασσα –ης ἡ
marketplace, market
ἀγορά –ᾶς ή
An adjective agrees with its noun in ____.
gender, number, and case
The direct object of a verb is normally in the ___ case.
accusative
I have fought the good fight.
τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι …
ἁμαπτωλός –οῦ ὁ
sinner
Ἐγω τὸ Ἄλφα καί τὸ Ὦ … ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος.
I am the Alpha and the Omega … the beginning and the end.
ἀδελψή –ῆς ἡ
sister
Write the Greek tense that describes the following types of action.
___ simple past action
___ continuous past action
___ completed past action
aorist; imperfect; perfect
Give the Pronoun Agreement Rule.
A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case is determined by its function in its own clause.
sign
σημεῖον–ου τό
εὐρίσκω ηὔρισκον εὑρήσω εὗρον εὕρηκα
I find
If the third person plural form of the present tense, or the verb forms ἑοτί and εἱοί, are followed by a/an ___ or a word that begins with a/an ___, it may have a attached to the end. The is called the ____.
punctuation makr; vowel; -ν; moveable ν
ὑπό (ὑπ´, ὑφ´) (w/acc.)
under
Θεῖος Ὅμηρος
Divine Homer
γραφή -ῆς ἡ
writing, scripture
beginning, ruler
ἀρχή –ῆς ἡ
γῆ –ῆς ἡ
earth, land, soil
χριστός –οῦ ὁ
Christ
What helping verbs are not used in the aorist tense?
have, has
The subject of a verb is normally in the ___ case and agrees with its verb in ___.
nominative; person and number
ἡμέρα –ας ἡ
day
from
ἀπό (w/gen.)
πρῶτος –η –ον
first
way, road
ὁδός –οῦ ἡ
law
νόμος –ου ὁ
And it came to pass in those days
Ἐγένετο σὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις
The second aorist is formed by adding ___ endings to a new stem.
imperfect tense
ἡμεῖς
we, us, our
Do verbs with syllabic and temporal augment have the same or different imperfect tense endings?
the same
Work has no reproach
Ἔργον δ᾽οὐδὲν ὄνειδος
but (postpositive conjunction)
δέ
ὁδός –οῦ ἡ
way, road
I write
γράφω ἔγραφον γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα
ἄρτος –ου ὁ
bread
there
ἐκεῖ (adv.)
σύ
you, your
καλῶς νικῶντες σωζώμεθα
We must save ourselves by a beautiful victory
beautiful, honorable
καλός –ά –όν
θεραπεὐω ἐθράπευον θεραπεύσω ἐθεράπευσα τεθεράπευκα
I heal, serve
gift
δῶρον -ου τό
river
ποταμός –οῦ ό
holy
ἂγιος –α –ον
I throw
βάλλω ἔβαλλον βαλῶ ῎βαλον βέβληκα
I am
εἰυί
sister
ἀδελψή –ῆς ἡ
ψυχή -ῆς ἡ
soul, life
ὑμεῖς
you all, your all’s
I’ve found it!
Εὔρηκα!
not
ού, ούκ, ούχ (adv.)
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο
this, these
heart
καρδία –ας ή
whole
ὄλος –η –ον
The ___ identifies the gender of a noun and agrees with it in ___.
definite article; gender, number, and case
through
διά (δι´) (w/gen.)
death
θάνατος –ου ὁ
δοξάζω ἐδόξαζον δοξάσω ἐδόξασα δεδόξαχα
I glorify
in
ἐν (w/dat.)
ού, ούκ, ούχ (adv.)
not
The principal parts provide ___.
the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all of it’s tenses
1st declension nouns with the nom. sing.ending -α or -η are always ___ in gender.
feminine
I lead
ἄγω ἦγον ἄξω ἤγαγον ἦχα
And behold, I am with you
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ´ ὑμῶν εἰμι
καταβαίνω κατέβαινον καταβήσομαι κατέβην καταβέβηκα
I go down
Liquid aorists are similar to ___ aorists, only liquid aorists are missing the ___.
first; sigma
᾽Ευ ἀρχῆ ἦν ὁ Λόγος
In the beginning was the Word
I have
ἔχω εἶχον ἔξω ἔσχον ἔσχηκα
The to be verb shows __, not __.
existence; action
Α α ἄλφα
alpha says /ah/ or /uh/ as in drama
Β β βῆτα
beta says /b/ as in boat
Γ γ γάμμα
gamma says /g/ as in goat
Δ δ δέλτα
delta says /d/ as in dog
Ε ε ἔφιλόν
epsilon says /ĕ/ as in epic
Ζ ζ ζῆτα
zeta says /dz/ as in adze
Η η ἢτα
eta says /ā/ as in they
Θ θ θῆτα
theta says/th/ as in thing
Ι ι ίῶτα
iota says /ē/ or /ĭ/ as in idiom
Κ κ κάππα
kappa says /k/ as in kite
Λ λ λάμβδα
lambda says /l/ as in lion
Μ μ μῦ
mu says /m/ as in moose
Ν ν νῦ
nu says /n/ as in nest
Ξ ξ ξῖ
xi says /ks/ as in fox
Ο ο ὄ μικρόν
omicron says /ô/ as in awesome
Π π πῖ
pi says /p/ as in pig
Ρ ρ ῥῶ
rho says /r/ as in rain
Σ σ,ς σίγμα
sigma says /s/ as in sun
Τ τ ταῦ
tau says /t/ as in toad
Υ υ ὒψιλόν
upsilon says /ŏŏ/ or /ōō/ as in food or foot
Φ φ φῖ
phi says /f/ as in philosophy
Χ χ χῖ
chi says German “ch” as in J.S. Bach
Ψ ψ ψῖ
psi says /ps/ as in lips
Ω ω ὦ μέγα
omega says /o/ as in ocean
2 vowels that are always long
Ηη and Ωω
2 vowels that are always short
Εε or Οο
αι
/eye/ as in aisle
ει
/ay/ as in eight
οι
/oi/ as in oil
υι
/we/ as in suite
αυ
/ou/ as in out
ευ
/yoo/ as in feud
ου
/oo/ as in food
γγ
ng as in sang
γκ
nc as in encore
γχ
nch as in anchor
᾽ smooth breathing mark
pronunciation of word is unchanged
῾ rough breathing mark
the word begins with the English h-sound
three Greek accent marks
´ acute; ~ circumflex; ` grave
What are the names of the last 3 Greek symbols?
antepenult, penult, ultima
What Greek punctuation mark shows that the sentence is a question?
semicolon
What are the two types of breathing marks?
rough and smooth
When the letter γ occurs in the combinations ___, the first γ will be pronounced with a/an ___ sound.
γγ, γκ, γχ; /n/
