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SP14 Microbiology > Final; Neurological Viruses > Flashcards

Final; Neurological Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are selected toga viruses and flaviviruses transmitted

A

via a vector; arthropod transmission

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2
Q

What are the most common vectors

A

mosquitoes

ticks

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3
Q

What are the most common reservoirs

A 
birds
small mammals (rodents, etc.)
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4
Q

What does transmission require via a vector

A

replication within the vector

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5
Q

What is determined by the vector and reservoir habitat

A

geographic location of the disease/infection

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6
Q

What is the genome of the EEE and VEE viruses

A

+ssRNA

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7
Q

What is the virion of the EEE and VEE viruses

A

enveloped

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8
Q

How does the EEE and VEE viruses exit the cell

A

via budding

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9
Q

How are the EEE and VEE viruses transmitted

A

via the bite of an infected arthropod

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10
Q

Where in the body do the EEE and VEE viruses infect

A

it infects cells locally and/or carried by the Langerhans cells to the LN
it then replicates and releases into the bloodstream –> CNS

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11
Q

What is the incubation period of EEE

A

4 to 10 days

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12
Q

What are the symptoms and duration of the EEE systemic disease

A

chills, fever, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia

lasting 1-2 weeks; full recovery

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of EEE encephalitic disease

A

fever, headache, irritability, restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsons, and coma

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14
Q

How many cases of encephalitic EEE die

A

1/3 of the cases die from the disease 2-10 days after the onset

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15
Q

What happens to those who recover from encephalitic EEE

A

they have long term sequelae; seizures, personality disorders, paralysis

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16
Q

What are the prevention strategies for EEE and VEE

A

a single vaccine is available, but only provided for those at risk
there is no treatment
mosquito control and repellant

17
Q

Where is EEE prevalent in the US

A

the more warm humid locations like the south and the eastern coastline

18
Q

What is the incubation period for the west nile virus

A

2 to 14 days, most people (80%) are asymptomatic

19
Q

What are the symptoms in those that get an infection of west nile virus

A

fever, headache, fatigue (in 20% of cases)

duration of 3-6 days

20
Q

What disease from west nile is prevalent in <1% of all cases

A

neuroinvasive disease

21
Q

What are the symptoms of neuroinvasive disease from west nile

A

aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state and tremors
50% of survivors have sequelae 1 year later

22
Q

What are the prevention and control strategies of west nile

A

no vaccine
no treatment
mosquito control and repellant

23
Q

Why is west nile more prevalent across the US than EEE or VEE

A

birds are the reservoir and are found more widespread across the US

24
Q

What is the genome of the rabies virus

A

-ssRNA

25
Q

What is the virion of the rabies virus

A

enveloped

26
Q

True or False

Rabies can infect many different hosts

A

True; broad tropism

27
Q

What dictates the abundance of transcripts and proteins of the rabies virus

A

the genome order

28
Q

Binding of what triggers genomic replication of the rabies virus

A

of N to RNA

29
Q

What does the rabies virus frequently produce

A

defecting interfering particles

30
Q

How is rabies transmitted

A

via the bite on an infected animal; only 15% of bites cause the disease but 60% of those to the face or head

31
Q

What are the reservoirs of rabies

A

bats
skunks
raccoons

32
Q

Where is rabies common in developing countries

A

in dogs; a common source of human rabies

33
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies

A

1-3 months

depends on the location of the bite

34
Q

How does rabies spread through the body

A

it replicated locally util it finds a neuron then to the brain, then out to the peripherally and specifically the salivary glands

35
Q

What are the symptoms of rabies

A

prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache
hydrophobia; difficulty swallowing = foaming at the mouth
cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusions, delirium, hallucinations, insomnia

36
Q

What is the outcome of rabies

A

Once the symptoms appear, disease is nearly always fatal; only 10 documented survivals

37
Q

What is used to prevent rabies

A

vaccine available

post-exposure prophylaxis; administered ASAP

38
Q

What is used to control rabies

A

vaccination of domestic animals

some countries are vaccinating wildlife

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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