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SP14 Microbiology > EX1 Introduction - Bailey > Flashcards

EX1 Introduction - Bailey Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False

Oral infections are the most common reason individuals seek treatment for an infectious disease

A

True

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2
Q

A _______ in an invasion of the body by a microbe that causes damage either directly or indirectly

A

infection

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3
Q

The six steps in the infectious disease process

A
  1. Encounter
  2. Entry
  3. Colonization and/or invasion
  4. Multiplication and/or spread
  5. Damage
  6. Outcome
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4
Q

The first line of defense against invading organisms is the _____

A

skin (innate immunity)

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5
Q

The skin provides protection from organisms via ________ of skin epithelium, its _______ surfaces, and the action of ______ and _______. This is the physical barrier

A

desquamation
mucosal
tears and saliva

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6
Q

The primary secreted compounds that are micobicidal are the ______ ______. This is the chemical barrier

A

antimicrobial peptides (AMPs; like lysozyme, definisns, etc. - are cationic)

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7
Q

The commensal microbes in our body are called the ______. This is the biological barrier

A

microbiota

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8
Q

These cells of this immune system are the first to respond to injury, do NOT respond to specific microbes, and are not antigen specific

A

Innate Immune cells

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9
Q

Innate immune cells are derived from (myeloid/lymphoid) cells

A

myeloid

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10
Q

The four cells of the innate immune system are

A
  1. monocytes/macrophages
  2. neutrophils
  3. dendritic cells
  4. granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, etc.)
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11
Q

These cells play a prominent role in responses to parasitic infections (and in allergy)

A

eosinophils

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12
Q

These cells are highly phagocytic; roughly 5% of circulating leukocytes

A

monocytes

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13
Q

These polymorphonuclear cells comprise over 95% of circulating granulocytes (50% of leukocytes) and contain very high dense lobular nuclei filled with enzymatic granules; primary function is to kill bacteria

A

neutrophils

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14
Q

These cells are phagocytic and can also present antigens to lymphocytes; principal cell that links innate and adaptive immunity

A

dendritic cell

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15
Q

Adaptive immune cells are of (myeloid/lymphoid) origin

A

lymphoid

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16
Q

There are two components to the adaptive immune response

A

humoral and cell-mediated

17
Q

The humoral component of the adaptive immune response is (B or T) cell mediated

A

B cell mediated

18
Q

The cell-mediated component of the adaptive immune response is (B or T) cell mediated

A

T cell mediated (helper T and cytotoxic T)

19
Q

B cells are ___-___% of blood lymphocytes, produce _________ (of which neutralize antigens)

A

5-15%
immunogloblins (antibodies)
*also contains B-cell receptors (BCRs)

20
Q

B cells which secrete a large quantity of immunoglobulins are called _______

A

plasma cells

21
Q

Helper T cells compose ____-_____% of blood lymphocytes, CD___, MHC___, they coordinate the _____ ______, and secrete ______

A 
45-65%
CD4
MHC-II
immune response
cytokines
*contains T cell receptors (TCRs)
22
Q

Cytotoxic T cells compose ____-____% of blood lymphocytes, CD__, MHC___, and ______ virually infected and tumor cells

A 
15-30%
CD8
MHC-I
kill
*contains T cell receptors (TCRs)
23
Q

Cells of the adaptive immune system are activated at the site of infection or are they activated in the lymphoid tissues

A

They are activated in the lymphoid tissues; the activated antigen presenting cell (APC) circulates to the lymph activating naive T and B cells

24
Q

Unique structures on microbes are referred to a ______ ______ _____ ______

A

pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

25
Q

The innate immune system uses ____ ____ ____ to recognize PAMPs

A

pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

26
Q

PRRs include receptors such as…

A

toll-like receptors
N-formyl-methionyl receptor
mannose receptor
scavenger receptor

27
Q

TLRs intracellular component recognizes _____ and its extracellular component recognizes _______; upon activation activate the release of ______/_______, _____ molecules, and co-_______ molecules

A 
viruses (mostly)
bacteria
cytokines/chemokines
adhesion
co-stimulatory
28
Q

_______ is any substance that can be specifically bound by a cell of the adaptive immune response

A

antigen (Ag)

29
Q

An _______ is an antigen that elicits and immune response

A

immunogen

30
Q

A _______ induces immunological tolerance or immune non-responsiveness

A

Tolerogen

31
Q

An antigen that causes an immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction

A

Allergen

32
Q

These cells nonspecifically kill virus infected and tumor cells

A

natural killer (NK)

33
Q

B cells (can/can not) be directly activated my antigen

A

can; but T cells are often needed

34
Q

T cells (can/can not) recognize antigen alone

A

can not

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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