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SP14 Microbiology > EX1 Adaptive Immunity - Stiner > Flashcards

EX1 Adaptive Immunity - Stiner Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 are found on _______ cells and assist with T cell migration/stability

A

endothelial

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2
Q

Activated T cells must _____ to site of infection an be retained so that they can express their effector functions and eradicate virally infected cells

A

migrate

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3
Q

______ can be activated by T cells via ______ secretion

A

macrophages

IFN-γ

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4
Q

MAP kinases, protein kinase C, and calcineurin stimulate ______ production

A

CD8 T cells

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5
Q

CD8 cells lyse target cells via ______ _____ and ______

A

lytic granules

Fas-FasL

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6
Q

There are 3 types of lytic granules found in CD8 cells and they are…

A

Perforin (forms a pore)
granzymes (induces apoptosis)
granulysin (induces apoptosis)

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7
Q

_____ cells use the same mechanism of lysis target cells as CD8 cells do

A

NK

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8
Q

Granzyme B induces apoptosis by activating ________

A

caspases (specifically caspase 3 and 9)

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9
Q

Caspase 3 activation leads to _____ _____ ______ which induces apoptosis

A

caspase activated DNAase (CAD) [from cleavage iCAD)

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10
Q

FasL on _______ interacts with Fas (CD95) on _____ _____ which induces apoptosis

A

CTL

target cell

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11
Q

The Fas associated death domain (FADD) leads to signaling cascades that activate _______

A

caspase 8

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12
Q

CD4 T cells produce _____ which activates macrophages

A

IFN-γ

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13
Q

CD4 T cells produce cytokines to provide co-stimulation for ________ activation

A

CD8 T cell

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14
Q

CD4 T cells produce cytokines to enhance the activity of ____

A

APCs

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15
Q

True or False
Viruses can escape the immune response via inhibition of phagolysosome function, antigen presentation, blocking the transport of MHC-I from the RER, producing IL-10, and blocking cytokine activation of effector cells

A

True

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16
Q

Immune response to extracellular pathogens in initiated by ______ and ______

A

macrophages and neutrophils

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17
Q

Why is Th1 immunity referred to as a driver of cell mediated immunity?

A

it stimulates other cells in the immune response (i.e. cell mediated immunity) via IFN-γ

18
Q

(Th1 or Th2) immunity drives the antibody response via isotope switching

A

Th2

19
Q

True or False

The humoral immune response involves Th cell production

A

False; humoral immunity involved antibodies

20
Q

True or False

Naive and activated B cells can produce antibody

A

False; naive B cells CANNOT produce antibodies

21
Q

True or False

B cells can be activated by microbes and soluble antigen, and it primarily involved IgM

A

True

22
Q

B cell exposure to microbes can result in changes in _____ and _____

A

phenotype and function

23
Q

True or False

Isotype switching is not dependent upon T cells and cytokines

A

False; it IS dependent upon those things

24
Q

The main cytokines that induce class switching are (2)

A

IFN-γ

IL-4

25
Q

What is the most prevalent antibody isotope in the mouth

A

IgA

26
Q

Long lived antibody producing plasma cells and memory B cells take up residence in the ____ _____ and _____ ____ _____

A

bone marrow

secondary lymph nodes

27
Q

Active immunization is known as _______

A

vaccination

28
Q

True or False

Active immunization is accomplished by the passive injection of preformed antibodies

A

False; passive immunization

29
Q

This type of vaccine uses organisms whose virulence has been artificially reduced; is the most common vaccination

A

live attenuated vaccines

30
Q

This vaccine uses closely related organism of lesser virulence

A

heterologous vaccines

31
Q

This vaccine uses genetic engineering

A

Life recombinant vaccines

32
Q

This vaccine is made when safe live vaccines have not been developed or when reversion to the wild type is common

A

killed vaccines

33
Q

Subcellular fractions and recombinant proteins are (killed/live) vaccines

A

killed

34
Q

This type of vaccination induces the antibody and CMI response typically with only one dosage

A

live vaccines

35
Q

A danger of live vaccines is that there is a chance of _____ __ ______

A

reversion to virulence

36
Q

True or False

live vaccines are more expensive to make than killed vaccines

A

False; killed vaccines are more expensive to prepare

37
Q

Good vaccinations induce both _______ and _____ _____ immunity

A

humoral

cell mediated

38
Q

Antibodies can neutralize ______ or _____; and opsonize _____ and facilitate ______

A

microbes
toxins
microbes
phagocytosis

39
Q

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity results in killing of _____ _____ cells

A

antibody coated

40
Q

______ activities are enhanced by antibodies

A

complement

41
Q

Which immunoglobulin is the only T cell independent antibody?

A

IgM

42
Q

Antibody isotopes are influences by _______ interactions with _____ and by _____

A

B cell
dendritic cells
cytokines

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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