Final; Antivirals and Vaccines

Question 1

What do antivirals target

Answer 1

structural, functional, and genomic information to identify targets
must be active against the virus and not to the host

Question 2

This is an antiviral of HIV blocking gp41, inhibiting membrane fusion

Answer 2

Enfucvirtide

Question 3

These are antivirals of influenza that blocks ion channels preventing nucleocapsid release at the end of cell entry

Answer 3

Amantadine

Rimantadine

Question 4

What is one things antivirals can target preventing genome replication

Answer 4

nucleoside analogs; chain terminators

Question 5

This is an antiviral of herpes; most effective against HSV, speficifity depends on virus thymadine kinase (nucleoside inhibitors)

Answer 5

acyclovir

Question 6

This is the first antiviral approved for clinic

Answer 6

acyclovir

Question 7

This antiviral is effective against CMV, but is more toxic due to interference with cellular kinases

Answer 7

ganciclovir

Question 8

This antiviral is like nucleoside inhibitors for herpes virus infections, improved for oral bioavailibity

Answer 8

valganciclovir

Question 9

This antiviral for herpesvirus prevents viral polymerase and is administered via an IV and is toxic

Answer 9

foscarnet

Question 10

What is unique about antivirals involving HIV an HBV

Answer 10

toxicity is an issue
resistance is often observed
usually need more than 1 type (co-administration)

Question 11

This antiviral inhibits RNA viruses via many ways as well as impairing capping on mRNA

Answer 11

ribavirin

Question 12

This form of ribavirin inhibits polymerases of RNA viruses

Answer 12

triphosphate

Question 13

This form of ribavirin inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase lowering GTP in the cell

Answer 13

monophosphate

Question 14

Maturation of viral progeny often requires what

Answer 14

cleavage of virus polypeptide

Question 15

True or False

Immature progeny are infectious

Answer 15

False; they are not

Question 16

This treatment for HIV blocks cleavage of gag-pol polypeptide blocking the activity of other protease inhibitors also blocking action of cellular proteases that act on viral protease inhibitors

Answer 16

ritonavir

Question 17

What are some challenges involving bioavailabity with antivirals

Answer 17

absorption into the body
transport to site of virus
intake by cell
therapeutic window

Question 18

What is a challenge involving specificity with antivirals

Answer 18

targets the virus activities exclusively or with great preference

Question 19

What is a challenge involving toxicity with antivirals

Answer 19

low impact on patient

Question 20

This is a natural antiviral, although the mechanism is not understood, it is more effective against RNA viruses

Answer 20

interferons

Question 21

This type of vaccine involves administering all or part of a pathogenic agent to induce antibodies or cell-mediated immunity

Answer 21

active immunization

Question 22

This type of vaccine involves administration of exogenously produced antibodies

Answer 22

passive immunization

Question 23

What are the two forms of vaccines

Answer 23

live, attenuated

killed

Question 24

This is a possible complication with live attenuated vaccine, and what disease is caused by it specifically with polio

Answer 24

reversion
vaccine-acquired paralytic poliomyelitis
only killed vaccines in US

Question 25

What are the three important cell types in vaccination

Answer 25

B cells
CD8
CD4

Question 26

What do vaccines utilizing B cells only target

Answer 26

pneumonococcal and HIB

Question 27

What do vaccines utilizing B cell and T cell immunity including secretory IgA target

Answer 27

influenza, polio, oral typhoid

Question 28

Which age groups/populations should be vaccinated

Answer 28

young children and the elderly
weak immune system; immunocompromised
may not respond to live attenuated
those with complications like smallpox and eczema