EX1 Antibodies/Complement/Diversity - Quan

Question 1

antibodies bind a _____ of antigenic structures, able to discriminate ____ antigens, bind antigen with ______ strength, and able to recognize antigen in its ______ form

Answer 1

variety
similar
great
native

Question 2

The overall mission of an antibody is the ______ _____ _____

Answer 2

neutralize target antigen

Question 3

antibodies are used for ________ via tagging microbial organisms or infected cells for phagocytosis

Answer 3

opsonization

Question 4

antibodies are used for ______ ______ via recruiting complement system to destroy microbial organisms or infected cells

Answer 4

complement fixation

Question 5

antibodies are used for _____ ____ via binding toxins in the blood and tissue to facilitate the removal of the toxins

Answer 5

direct neutralization

Question 6

Ig____ is the major iG in serum and ___-___% of all Igs, it provides ______ immunity, plays a role in immunological _____, and it has a _____ structure

Answer 6

IgG
70-75%
neonatal
memory
basic

Question 7

Ig___ is less than ___% of all circulating Igs, is a major component of ___ cell surface Ig (__CR)

Answer 7

IgD
1
B
B-cell receptor (BCR)

Question 8

Ig____ is very ___ in serum, found of the surface of _____ and ____ cells, important for killing ______, and contributes to ______

Answer 8

E
scarce
basophils and mast cells
parasites
allergy

Question 9

Ig_____ is secreted in saliva, the receptor transports it across ____ _____, and is usually assembled as a ______

Answer 9

A
mucosal epithelium
dimer

Question 10

Ig____ is about ___% of total Igs, it has a ______ structure, can serve as a _____, and is the _____ antibody secreted in response to the initial antigenic challenge

Answer 10

M
10
pentameric
BCR
first

Question 11

The central component of the complement family is ____

Answer 11

C3

Question 12

The later components of the complement family are _____

Answer 12

C5-9

Question 13

_______ of complement molecules are the active complements

Answer 13

fragments

Question 14

In order for complement to be activated, the masking of the _____ _____ is removed via ____ _____

Answer 14

active site

proteolytic cleavage

Question 15

In opsonization and cell activation complement fragments (C___, C___, and C___) coat the ______ of a target, the ______ cells bind to the target, and ______ occurs

Answer 15

C3b, iC3b, C4b
surface
immune
phagocytosis

Question 16

In chemotaxis, small fragments of complements (C___ and C___) form a ______ _____, this stimulates _____ to moves (toward/away) from the site of infection

Answer 16

C3a and C5a
concentration gradient
immune
toward

Question 17

In lysis of target cells complement activation (C__) results in the assembly of ____ ____ _____

Answer 17

C5b

membrane attack complexes (MAC)

Question 18

A MAC will insert itself into the lipid bilayers and form a large ______ on the cell membrane which causes cell _____

Answer 18

hole

lysis

Question 19

Antibody-antigen complexes containing ____ or _____ activate the classical pathway

Answer 19

IgM or IgG1-3

Question 20

Terminal _____ groups (on the microbial surface) activate the lectin pathway

Answer 20

mannose

Question 21

Microbial ___ ____ activate the alternative pathway

Answer 21

cell walls

Question 22

The _____ pathway uses various stages of C____, of which are cleaved by C___ _____

Answer 22

alternative
C3
C3 convertase

Question 23

C____ is the adapter for the _____ pathway

Answer 23

C1

classical

Question 24

free antibodies (do/do not) engage C1; there (is/is not) selective engagement by classical pathway activation, ______-_____ antibodies activate C1

Answer 24

do not
is
tissue-bound

Question 25

In the classical pathway activated C___ cleave C2 and C4 to form C_____ (which is the classical C__ _____);C _____ is the classical C___ _______

Answer 25

``` C1 C4b2a C3 convertase C4b2a3b C5 convertase ```

Question 26

Main differences between the alternative/classical pathway are; in the alternative pathway C3 undergoes ________ breakdown; and in the classical pathway it uses ____

Answer 26

spontaneous (C1 causes cleavage of C3s) | C1 (alternative pathway predominately uses forms of C3, no C1)

Question 27

_____ is required for the initiation of the MAC complex; of which is made up of _____

Answer 27

C5b | C5b-C9

Question 28

The antibody has a F___ light chain and a F__ heavy chain, of which is anchored to the cell membrane

Answer 28

Fab | Fc

Question 29

True or False | antibodies can be used over and over, many times

Answer 29

False; an antibody can only be used once

Question 30

The combination of ________ ______ _____ on the heavy and light chains constitute the antigen binding sites on Igs

Answer 30

complementarity-determining regions

Question 31

Via the ______ theory of antibody diversity, cells respond to antigen by _____ the shapes of the antigen and make antibodies according

Answer 31

instructive | imprinting

Question 32

Via the _______ theory of antibody diversity, antibody diversity is _____ generated, if over _____ types of antibodies can be pre-made, then a sufficient army is constituted; problems --> not enough ____

Answer 32

selective randomly 10^7 genes

Question 33

The antibodies expressed in mature B cells are _____ and _____

Answer 33

membrane IgM and IgD

Question 34

specific antibodies are generated by ______ and ______ of different __ and ___ segments of the iG gene

Answer 34

deletion and recombination | V and C

Question 35

____ ____ DNA is DNA which is passed down through the gametes before it is modified by somatic recombination or maturation

Answer 35

germ line

Question 36

________ cells contain germ line DNA

Answer 36

pro-B (bone marrow stem cells)

Question 37

The gene loci for Ig production in pro-B cells are non-functional due to lack of _____ ____ _____

Answer 37

open reading frame

Question 38

There are 7 mechanism for antibody diversity; 1. multiple germ lime ___ genes 2. _-_ and _-_-_ recombination 3. recombination _______ 4. _______ addition 5. somatic _____ 6. assorted ____ and _____ combination 7. ______ switching

Answer 38

``` V V-D and V-D-J inaccuracies N-nucleotide mutation heavy and light chain class ```

Question 39

T cell receptors (are/are not) develop in a similar way to B cell receptors

Answer 39

are

Question 40

T cells mature in the _______ and B cells mature in the ______

Answer 40

thymus | bone marrow