EX1 Antibodies/Complement/Diversity - Quan

Question 1

antibodies bind a _____ of antigenic structures, able to discriminate ____ antigens, bind antigen with ______ strength, and able to recognize antigen in its ______ form

Answer 1

variety
similar
great
native

Question 2

The overall mission of an antibody is the ______ _____ _____

Answer 2

neutralize target antigen

Question 3

antibodies are used for ________ via tagging microbial organisms or infected cells for phagocytosis

Answer 3

opsonization

Question 4

antibodies are used for ______ ______ via recruiting complement system to destroy microbial organisms or infected cells

Answer 4

complement fixation

Question 5

antibodies are used for _____ ____ via binding toxins in the blood and tissue to facilitate the removal of the toxins

Answer 5

direct neutralization

Question 6

Ig____ is the major iG in serum and ___-___% of all Igs, it provides ______ immunity, plays a role in immunological _____, and it has a _____ structure

Answer 6

IgG
70-75%
neonatal
memory
basic

Question 7

Ig___ is less than ___% of all circulating Igs, is a major component of ___ cell surface Ig (__CR)

Answer 7

IgD
1
B
B-cell receptor (BCR)

Question 8

Ig____ is very ___ in serum, found of the surface of _____ and ____ cells, important for killing ______, and contributes to ______

Answer 8

E
scarce
basophils and mast cells
parasites
allergy

Question 9

Ig_____ is secreted in saliva, the receptor transports it across ____ _____, and is usually assembled as a ______

Answer 9

A
mucosal epithelium
dimer

Question 10

Ig____ is about ___% of total Igs, it has a ______ structure, can serve as a _____, and is the _____ antibody secreted in response to the initial antigenic challenge

Answer 10

M
10
pentameric
BCR
first

Question 11

The central component of the complement family is ____

Answer 11

C3

Question 12

The later components of the complement family are _____

Answer 12

C5-9

Question 13

_______ of complement molecules are the active complements

Answer 13

fragments

Question 14

In order for complement to be activated, the masking of the _____ _____ is removed via ____ _____

Answer 14

active site

proteolytic cleavage

Question 15

In opsonization and cell activation complement fragments (C___, C___, and C___) coat the ______ of a target, the ______ cells bind to the target, and ______ occurs

Answer 15

C3b, iC3b, C4b
surface
immune
phagocytosis

Question 16

In chemotaxis, small fragments of complements (C___ and C___) form a ______ _____, this stimulates _____ to moves (toward/away) from the site of infection

Answer 16

C3a and C5a
concentration gradient
immune
toward

Question 17

In lysis of target cells complement activation (C__) results in the assembly of ____ ____ _____

Answer 17

C5b

membrane attack complexes (MAC)

Question 18

A MAC will insert itself into the lipid bilayers and form a large ______ on the cell membrane which causes cell _____

Answer 18

hole

lysis

Question 19

Antibody-antigen complexes containing ____ or _____ activate the classical pathway

Answer 19

IgM or IgG1-3

Question 20

Terminal _____ groups (on the microbial surface) activate the lectin pathway

Answer 20

mannose

Question 21

Microbial ___ ____ activate the alternative pathway

Answer 21

cell walls

Question 22

The _____ pathway uses various stages of C____, of which are cleaved by C___ _____

Answer 22

alternative
C3
C3 convertase

Question 23

C____ is the adapter for the _____ pathway

Answer 23

C1

classical

Question 24

free antibodies (do/do not) engage C1; there (is/is not) selective engagement by classical pathway activation, ______-_____ antibodies activate C1

Answer 24

do not
is
tissue-bound

Question 25

In the classical pathway activated C___ cleave C2 and C4 to form C_____ (which is the classical C__ _____);C _____ is the classical C___ _______

Answer 25

C1
C4b2a
C3 convertase
C4b2a3b 
C5 convertase

Question 26

Main differences between the alternative/classical pathway are; in the alternative pathway C3 undergoes ________ breakdown; and in the classical pathway it uses ____

Answer 26

spontaneous (C1 causes cleavage of C3s)

C1 (alternative pathway predominately uses forms of C3, no C1)

Question 27

_____ is required for the initiation of the MAC complex; of which is made up of _____

Answer 27

C5b

C5b-C9

Question 28

The antibody has a F___ light chain and a F__ heavy chain, of which is anchored to the cell membrane

Answer 28

Fab

Fc

Question 29

True or False

antibodies can be used over and over, many times

Answer 29

False; an antibody can only be used once

Question 30

The combination of ________ ______ _____ on the heavy and light chains constitute the antigen binding sites on Igs

Answer 30

complementarity-determining regions

Question 31

Via the ______ theory of antibody diversity, cells respond to antigen by _____ the shapes of the antigen and make antibodies according

Answer 31

instructive

imprinting

Question 32

Via the _______ theory of antibody diversity, antibody diversity is _____ generated, if over _____ types of antibodies can be pre-made, then a sufficient army is constituted; problems –> not enough ____

Answer 32

selective
randomly
10^7
genes

Question 33

The antibodies expressed in mature B cells are _____ and _____

Answer 33

membrane IgM and IgD

Question 34

specific antibodies are generated by ______ and ______ of different __ and ___ segments of the iG gene

Answer 34

deletion and recombination

V and C

Question 35

____ ____ DNA is DNA which is passed down through the gametes before it is modified by somatic recombination or maturation

Answer 35

germ line

Question 36

________ cells contain germ line DNA

Answer 36

pro-B (bone marrow stem cells)

Question 37

The gene loci for Ig production in pro-B cells are non-functional due to lack of _____ ____ _____

Answer 37

open reading frame

Question 38

There are 7 mechanism for antibody diversity;

1. multiple germ lime ___ genes
2. - and --_ recombination
3. recombination _______
4. _______ addition
5. somatic _____
6. assorted ____ and _____ combination
7. ______ switching

Answer 38

V
V-D and V-D-J
inaccuracies
N-nucleotide
mutation
heavy and light chain
class

Question 39

T cell receptors (are/are not) develop in a similar way to B cell receptors

Answer 39

are

Question 40

T cells mature in the _______ and B cells mature in the ______

Answer 40

thymus

bone marrow