EX1 Opsonization and Phagocytosis - Quan

Question 1

The process of attaching opsonins, such as IgG or complement fragments, to microbial surfaces to target microbes for phagocytosis

Answer 1

opsonization

Question 2

These are macromolecules attached to the surface of a microbe and can be recognized by receptors on neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 2

opsonins

Question 3

Two primary types of opsonins are…

Answer 3

IgG and complement factor C3

Question 4

Most microorganisms (will/will not) be phagocytosed (with/without) opsonins

Answer 4

will NOT

withOUT

Question 5

Opsonins change the organisms surface form (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) to more (hydrophilic/hydrophobic)

Answer 5

hydrophillic

hydrophobic

Question 6

Receptors for opsonins are…..

Answer 6

Fcγ on phagocytes

CR and leukocyte integrin Mac-1

Question 7

The _____ region of IgG reacts with the organism

Answer 7

Fab

Question 8

There are _____ classes of Fc (Fcγ) domains on PMNs

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Fcγ RI (CD64) binds to ____ and _____ with (high/low/intermediate) affinity, it (is/is not) expressed on resting neutrophils, has ____ immunoglobulin-like binding domains, and expression is (up/down) regulated by IFN-γ, G-CSF, and infection

Answer 9

IgG1 and IgG3
high
is not
3
up regulated

Question 10

Fcγ RII (CD32) binds to multiple IgGs with (high/low/intermediate) affinity, it is ______ spanning with a cytoplasmic tail, _____ different genes code for RII, ______’s RII exhibits genetically determined structural polymorphisms

Answer 10

low
membrane
3
neutrophils

Question 11

Fcγ RIII (CD16) binds to _____ and _____ with (high/low/intermediate) affinity, ____ genes code of RIII
RIIIB is a molecule with a ________ anchor and is found only on ______
RIIIA has _______ and _____ domains and is found on ______ and _______

Answer 11

IgG1 and IgG3
intermediate
2
glycophosphatidylinositol
neutrophils
transmembrane and cytoplasmic
NK cells and macrophages

Question 12

Fcγ R____ is the most important for phagocytosis of IgG coated microorganisms and is the sole class capable of binding _______ IgG2 complexes (IgG2 contains antibodies to bacterial capsular polysaccharides)

Answer 12

RII

human

Question 13

Activation of the _______ cascade causes proteolytic cleavage of ________ factors creating potential _______ for receptors on _______ surfaces

Answer 13

complement
complement
ligands
neutrophil

Question 14

These complement factors are chemotatic factors

Answer 14

C3a and C5a

Question 15

These complement factors are the main complement derived opsonins

Answer 15

C3b and C3bi

Question 16

CR1 (CD35) is a neutrophil complement ________, resides in ___ pools of receptors, it binds dimeric ______ with (strong/weak) binding

Answer 16

receptor
2
C3bi
weak

Question 17

Complement R CR3 is a glycoprotein member of the ____ family, resides in ____ pools of receptors, and the whole molecule is termed the CD___ and CD___ complex

Answer 17

integrin
2
CD11 and CD18

Question 18

_________ are the major phagocytic cells in the innate immune response, has _____ and ______ granules, and is (continually/periodically) circulating

Answer 18

neutrophils
primary and secondary
continually

Question 19

________ circulate in the blood eventually moving into tissue where they differentiate into _________; of which ________ and produce _______

Answer 19

monocytes
macrophages
phagocytose
cytokines

Question 20

4 factors thats can increase PMN numbers…

Answer 20

stress
injury
infection
increased cytokines

Question 21

There are 2 primary mechanisms for destruction/killing of cells

Answer 21

oxidative and non-oxidative

Question 22

The non-oxidative mechanism uses ______ and ______ granules and/or a ____ change

Answer 22

enzymes and cytoplasmic

pH

Question 23

Name the 2 ways in which microbes can avoid phagocytosis

Answer 23

inhibiting/inactivating opsonization/phagocytosis

surviving intracellular killing