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SP14 Microbiology > Final; Hepatitis Virus > Flashcards

Final; Hepatitis Virus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does the hepatitis primarily infect and replicate

A

in hepatocytes

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2
Q

The virus and host response causes

A

liver disease
acute infections
chronic infections

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3
Q

How is the hepatitis virus transmitted

A

fecal-oral
sexual
vertical (mother–>child)
parenteral (needle sticks, etc.)

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4
Q

Which forms of hepatitis are found in the US

A

A, B, and C

Delta and E are rare

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5
Q

What genome does hepatitis B have

A

dsDNA

with RNA intermediate

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6
Q

What is special about the hepatitis B genome

A

it is the smallest genome of the human viruses

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7
Q

What type of virion does the hepatitis B have

A

enveloped

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8
Q

What types of proteins does the hepatitis B contain

A

vision assembly
cell attachment
capsid
reverse transcriptase

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9
Q

True or False

The hepatitis B cannot be grown in cell culture

A

True

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10
Q

This is a template for transcription in hepatitis B

A

cccDNA

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11
Q

True or False

The hepatitis B does not require liver specific transcription factors

A

False; it does

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12
Q

The hepatitis B produces many what

A

empty particles; present in infected people

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13
Q

How long is the incubation period for hepatitis B

A

30-180 days

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14
Q

How is hepatitis B spread

A

sexual contact and drug use

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of hepatitis B

A

malaise, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase levels

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16
Q

When would one recover from hepatitis B

A

approximately 3-4 months after the onset of jaundice

17
Q

In what percentage of cases does hepatitis B manifest as a chronic disease

A

5%

18
Q

What constitutes a chronic hepatitis B disease

A 
presence in blood after 6 months
poor IgG response
sporadic episodes of hepatitis B
cirrhosis of the liver
increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
19
Q

What is special about the hepatitis B vaccination

A

it was the first recombinant vaccine approved for the use in humans
it requires multiple injections
not effective against chronic infection

20
Q

What are the treatments for chronic hepatitis B infection

A

interferon-α therapy

nucleoside analogs

21
Q

The hepatitis D virus is rare in humans, but what is special about it

A

subviral agent
requires active HBV infection
RNA genome encodes a single protein

22
Q

What type of genome does hepatitis C have

A

+ssRNA

23
Q

What type of virion does hepatitis C have

A

enveloped

24
Q

What proteins does hepatitis C contain

A

attachment and entry
core
various non-structural

25
Q

Where is the genome of hepatitis C replicated

A

in the cytoplasm, the genome itself is the template for translation

26
Q

What are the symptoms of a hepatitis C infection

A

milder symptoms than HBV

27
Q

What percentage of hepatitis C infections become chronic and cause what

A

80%

extrahepatic disease

28
Q

This is caused by hepatitis C and is when antibody/virus complexes deposit in other tissues eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage

A

mixed cryoglobulinema

29
Q

What are the treatment options for hepatitis C

A

no vaccine

interferon-α can reduce chances of chronic infection

30
Q

How does one obtain an hepatitis A infection

A

ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water

31
Q

What is the incubation period of an hepatitis A infection

A

15-40 days

32
Q

What are the symptoms of an hepatitis A infection

A

consistent with other hepatitis infections but more severe in adults than in children

33
Q

When does a hepatitis A infection resolve

A

approximately 8 weeks post infection

34
Q

What are the treatment options for hepatitis A

A

a vaccine is available; killed/inactivated

35
Q

What does a hepatitis E infection cause

A

foodborne and waterborne hepatitis
similar to HAV
infection can be life threatening for pregnant women

36
Q

What are the treatment options for hepatitis E

A

there is no vaccine, but it is under development

37
Q

Which hepatitis viruses cause chronic infections

A

B, C, and D

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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