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SP14 Microbiology > EX1 Cytokines/Chemokines - Bailey > Flashcards

EX1 Cytokines/Chemokines - Bailey Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Proteins secreted by cells that mediate the functions of the immune system

A

cytokines

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2
Q

the term ________ refers to the fact that many proteins are produced by one immune cell to act on neighboring cells

A

interleukin (more specific than cytokine)

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3
Q

Cytokine secretion is _____ and ___-_____; it is not ________

A

brief and self-limited

instantaneous

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4
Q

Cytokine action is _____ and ________; they act in _______

A

pleitropic (multiple functions) and redundant

synergy

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5
Q

Cytokines ________ each other

A

influence

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6
Q

Cytokines can act _______ and ________

A

locally and systemically

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7
Q

Cytokines initiate their actions by binding to _______ membrane-bound receptors

A

specific

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8
Q

Cytokine receptor ligation leads to _____ _____ which alters _____ _____

A

gene expression

cellular function

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9
Q

True or False

Cytokines work either for the innate system or the adaptive system; not both

A

False; many cytokines overlap systems

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10
Q

cells that produce cytokines include…..

A

lymphocytes
monocytes/macrophages
all the cells of innate/adaptive immunity
endothelial/epithelial cells

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11
Q

Cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α/β IL-6, IL-12, IFN (and others) are _______

A

pro-inflammatory

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12
Q

Cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β are _______

A

anti-inflammatory

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13
Q

Cytokines are important for immunity because they ______ immune cells, ______ immune cells to site of infection, and help ______ the _______ immune response

A

activate
recruit
activate
adaptive

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14
Q

This cytokine is the principal mediator for the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria, endotoxic shock, and chronic inflammatory conditions

A

TNF-α

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15
Q

This cytokine has two forms, an α and β, which bind to the same receptor and have the same function

A

IL-1

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16
Q

This cytokine is primarily produced by mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils

A

IL-1

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17
Q

This cytokine is involved with induction of inflammatory response

A

IL-6

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18
Q

This cytokine is produced by monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, DC cells, and T cells

A

TNF-α

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19
Q

This cytokine is primarily produced by macrophages and T cells

A

IL-6

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20
Q

This cytokine stimulates the recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and activated T cells to the site of infection

A

TNF-α

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21
Q

True or False

TNF-α can have detrimental effects as well as beneficial effects

A

True; if it is found in too high of quantities it can cause septic shock

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22
Q

This cytokine is primarily involved with induction of the acute phase response

A

IL-6

23
Q

During an infection, what causes you to be sick

A

cytokines (IL-6/IL-1) on brain (?)

24
Q

This cytokine is the primary mediator of innate immune response to intracellular pathogens

A

IL-12

25
Q

This cytokine is important for the generation of adaptive immune response that would be appropriate for intracellular pathogens - Th1 immunity

A

IL-12

26
Q

IL-12 stimulates the activation of macrophages via ______

A

IFN-γ

27
Q

This cytokine can be produced be NK cells, Th cells, and Tk cells

A

IFN-γ

28
Q

These cytokines are involved with Th1 type immunity

A

IFN-γ (and IL-2)

29
Q

These cytokines are involved with Th2 type immunity

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 (and IL-2)

30
Q

This cytokine is primarily produced by cells of the adaptive immune response

A

IL-2

31
Q

This cytokine is needed for the growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells (both helper and killer)

A

IL-2

32
Q

____ _____ is IL-2 dependent

A

clonal expansion

33
Q

The adaptive immunity most effective against INTRAcellular pathogens is (Th1 or Th2)

A

Th1

34
Q

The adaptive immunity most effective against INTERcellular(extracellular) pathogens is (Th1 or Th2)

A

Th2

35
Q

The primary function of this cytokine is to facilitate the ability of macrophages to kill intracellular microbes; enhances microbicidal activity and increase the population of opsonizing antibodies

A

IFN-γ

36
Q

IFN-γ will also increase _____ ______

A

antigen presentation; so that Tk cells can kill intracellular pathogens

37
Q

This cytokine is a key Th2 cytokine and is the primary stimulus for Ig class switching to Ig___

A

IL-4

IgE

38
Q

This cytokine can induce naive Th cells to differentiate into Th2 cells (just like IL-4) and also induces Ig isotope switching to Ig____; and it stimulates mucous production in gut and lung

A

IL-13

IgE

39
Q

This cytokine can facilitate inflammation by increasing adhesion molecule and chemokine expression

A

IL-13

40
Q

This cytokine’s primary job is in eosinophil (protection of parasites) differentiation, proliferation, and activation

A

IL-5

41
Q

IL-5 (and other Th2 cytokines) are involved in ______ responses

A

allergic

42
Q

Innate cytokines are often considered _______

A

inflammatory

43
Q

IL-12 and IFN help to activate the (adaptive/innate) immune response

A

adaptive (particularly Th1)

44
Q

This cytokine inhibits the production of IL-12 and is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells and Th cells

A

IL-10

45
Q

These are chemotactic cytokines and make up the largest category of cytokines; their primary role is to regulate migration of cells to peripheral tissue or lymph

A

chemokines

46
Q

Classification of chemokines is based on the number and location of ________ _____ ______

A

N-terminal cysteine resides
CXC (cysteine, something, cysteine)
CC (cysteine-cysteine)
etc.

47
Q

Chemokine receptors bind with (only one/multiple) chemokines and can be found on (specific/many different) cells

A

multiple

many different

48
Q

Chemokines are responsible for ______ _____

A

increasing affinity

49
Q

Chemokines increase affinity by creating a ____ _____ of which immune cells follow

A

concentration gradient

50
Q

This type of cytokine receptor binds IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13; its binds via Jak-STAT

A

Type I

51
Q

This type of cytokine receptor binds IFN-γ and IL-10; binds via Jak-STAT

A

Type II

52
Q

This type of cytokine receptor binds TNF-α; binds via multiple signaling cascades (can lead to TF expression or apoptosis)

A

TNF receptor superfamily

53
Q

This type of cytokine receptor binds IL-1; signals similarly to TLRs

A

IL-1 receptor family

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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