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SP14 Microbiology > Final; Childhood Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Final; Childhood Viral Diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the genome of the measles virus

A

-ssRNA

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2
Q

What type of virion does the measles virus have

A

enveloped

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3
Q

The fusion protein in the measles virus causes what

A

syncytia (mass containing several nuclei) formation

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4
Q

How is the measles virus transmitted

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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5
Q

What is the incubation period of the measles virus

A

10-14 days

primary infection in respiratory epithelial tissues; primary viremia

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6
Q

What is characteristic of the the symptom onset of measles

A

the symptoms onset coincides with the second round of virus replication
occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, and spleen; secondary viremia

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7
Q

What is the recovery time for measles

A

approximately 20 days after infection

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8
Q

True or False

Measles is the most deadly of childhood rash/fever illnesses

A

True

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9
Q

What causes the characteristic rash of measles

A

viral and immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells
koplik spots

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10
Q

How does measles influence immune suppression

A

Interferes with CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors
also allows opportunistic infections

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11
Q

This is a rare; 1:1000 in children demyelinating disease

A

acute disseminated encephalitis (ADEM)

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12
Q

This is very rare; 1:1million in children, 7-10 years after infection, progressive neurological deterioration

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of measles

A

2-3 days fever and cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis

characteristic rash

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14
Q

How is measles diagnosed in the laboratory

A

virus isolation in culture (difficult)
serology
ELISA, RT-PCR

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15
Q

True or False

Measles is not very contagious

A

False; it is one of the most contagious diseases known

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16
Q

How much can humans spread measles

A

they are the only host
one illness in a naïve population can infect 15-20 people
people are infectious 2-3 prior to rash

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17
Q

What are some ways in preventing measles

A

vaccination (provides life long immunity)
vitamin A
there are no anti-virals

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18
Q

When was measles considered “eliminated” from the US

A

2000, but it is common in other countries

it arrives to the US through international travel

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19
Q

What is the genome of the respiratory syncytial virus

A

-ssRNA

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20
Q

What type of virion does the respiratory syncytial virus have

A

enveloped

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21
Q

What type of cells does the respiratory syncytial virus infect

A

ciliated ells in the respiratory tract epithelium

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22
Q

This protein in the respiratory syncytial virus creates the syncytia

A

fusion protein

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23
Q

How does the virus exit the cell

A

via budding

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24
Q

What is special about the respiratory syncytial virus in regards to respiratory tract infections

A

it is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections

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25
Q

How does one obtain the respiratory syncytial virus

A

via inhalation of aerosol

fomites

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26
Q

What is the incubation period of respiratory syncytial virus and where is it specifically found

A

4-5 days

lower respiratory tract 1-3 days after upper respiratory tract

27
Q

How long is the recovery of the respiratory syncytial virus

A

7-12 days after symptom onset

28
Q

Does the respiratory syncytial virus infect animals?

A

No, it only infects humans, no animal reservoir

29
Q

Does respiratory syncytial virus infection result in life long immunity?

A

No, infants have an immature immune system and in the respiratory tract IgA is short lived

30
Q

What are some risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus infection

A

attending day care

school aged siblings

31
Q

What would put someone at risk for a more severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

A

premature birth
male
second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke
lack of breast feeding

32
Q

What is the main prevention of the respiratory syncytial virus

A

no antivirals
no vaccine
can use passive immunoprophylasis; humanized monoclonal antibody (once a month)

33
Q

What is the genome of the varicella zoster virus

A

dsDNA

34
Q

What is the virion of the varicella zoster virus

A

enveloped

35
Q

What is the main difference about the proteins varicella zoster virus produces

A

there are hundreds of proteins

36
Q

What is the replication of the varicella zoster virus

A

active cell needed for replication
resting cell (neuron) = latent infection (circular genome)
will infect neighboring cell first

37
Q

What is the transmission of the varicella zoster virus

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

38
Q

What is the incubation period for the varicella zoster virus

A

10-21 days

39
Q

What are the symptoms of the varicella zoster virus

A

chicken pox;
fever, malaise, headache
rash 1-2 days after the symptom onset, lasting for 3-6 days

40
Q

Where is the chickenpox rash primarily located

A

scalp, face, and trunk

41
Q

What is the recovery timeframe of the varicella zoster virus

A

usually by 2 weeks of symptom onset; cell mediated immunity most important

42
Q

What happens upon re-activation of the varicella zoster virus

A

shingles

43
Q

What are the prevention strategies of chickenpox

A

vaccination; life long immunity

antivirals; but it cannot eliminate latent virus because the DNA is not actively being replicated

44
Q

What is the genome of the poliovirus

A

+ssRNA

45
Q

What is the virion of the poliovirus

A

non-enveloped

46
Q

What specific proteins does the poliovirus contain

A

4 protein capsid

47
Q

What does the virus particle do to the cell

A

it creates a pore in the cell membrane

48
Q

Where is the poliovirus prevalent

A

in endemic areas such that infections are most common in naïve children

49
Q

How is the poliovirus transmitted

A

ingestion of material infected by the virus

50
Q

Where is the location of the poliovirus manifestation

A

Peyers patches of the small intestine; minor viremia
secondary replication; major viremia
mild disease

51
Q

How long does fecal shedding of the poliovirus occur

A

for 2 weeks

52
Q

How prevalent is CNS involvement in polio

A

1:200 of infections

risk factors; physical exertion, trauma, and tonsillectomy

53
Q

How does the poliovirus affect the CNS

A

it replicates in the gray matter of brain and spinal cord
limb paralysis from anterior horn damage
respiratory paralysis from damage to the medulla oblongata

54
Q

What are the prevention strategies of the poliovirus

A

vaccination; 2 available

targeted for eradication

55
Q

What is the genome of the rotavirus

A

dsRNA, 11 segments

56
Q

What is the virion of the rotavirus

A

non-enveloped

57
Q

What is special about the rotavirus replication

A

there is membrane disruption

genome is never exposed

58
Q

How is rotavirus transmitted

A

ingestion of material containing the virus

59
Q

What is the incubation of rotavirus

A

2 days; vomiting and fever

60
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus

A

diarrhea 2-3 days after vomiting, 3-8 days in duration

61
Q

How long does viral shedding last

A

weeks before symptom onset and days after the recovery

62
Q

When is severe disease of rotavirus common

A

most common is 6-24 month children

63
Q

How is rotavirus diagnosed

A

antigens in the stool

64
Q

What are the prevention strategies of rotavirus

A

infant vaccines
no antivirals
good hygiene
treatment via oral rehydration

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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