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SP14 Microbiology > EX2 Streptococci - Bailey > Flashcards

EX2 Streptococci - Bailey Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of gram stain is strep

A

gram +

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2
Q

what shape is strep, and what does it form

A

cocci

chains or diplococci

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3
Q

Is strep spore forming?

A

no, non-spore forming

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4
Q

What level of oxygen does strep need to survive

A

facultative anaerobe; can grow with our without

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5
Q

Is strep catalase negative or positive

A

catalase negative; does not break down H2O2

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6
Q

What is the lancefield group test

A

serological classification based on major cell-wall carbohydrate antigens; agglutination = positive

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7
Q

This type of hemolysis is partial hemolysis and green discoloration of hemoglobin

A

alpha

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8
Q

This type of hemolysis is complete hemolysis with a clear zone

A

beta

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9
Q

In this type of hemolysis there is no some of clearing

A

gamma

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10
Q

What is the most common disease of group A strep

A

acute pharyngitis; strep throat

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11
Q 
These are all diseases of what class of strep;
pyoderma, nectrotizing fasciitis, myositis, childbed fever, and foodborne outbreaks
A

group A strep

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12
Q

What is caused by strep throat and a red skin rash; caused by GAS

A

scarlet fever

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13
Q

What is the main bacteria of GAS

A

S. pyogenes

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14
Q

This can result in the inflammation of heart/joints, polyarthritis/caritis, severe vascular scarring

A

nonsuppurative sequelae; non-pus forming secondary results of ARF

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15
Q

This was fairly common until the mid-20th century

A

acute rheumatic fever

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16
Q

If there is an infection in this location, ARF may form, but if not, then no ARF

A

pharynx

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17
Q

True or False

An ARF infection must invoke an immune response

A

True; hypersensitivity reaction caused by cross-reacting antibodies

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18
Q

True or False

No more than 10% of people are susceptible to ARF

A

True

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19
Q

How can you completely prevent ARF

A

by treating strep throat with penicillin

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20
Q

This is active inflammation in the glomeruli of the kidneys; urine is smoky due to proteins, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, renal failure –> dialysis

A

acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)

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21
Q

APSGN different from ARF how

A

can follow skin infections
susceptibility common
recurrent attacks are rare
not reliably prevented by penicillin

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22
Q

True or False

Not all GAS cause APSGN

A

True

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23
Q

How can one encounter GAS infections

A

they live on skin and mucous membranes

person to person transmission

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24
Q

True or False

GAS can penetrate intact skin

A

False; it cannot penetrate intact skin

25
Q

How do GAS bind to epithelial cells

A

via adhesions

26
Q

What type of adhesions doe GAS use to bind to epithelial cells

A

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)
Protein F
M protein

27
Q

This is found in the cell envelope of many gram + bacteria, making them sticky, and it binds to fibronectin

A

lipoteichoic acid

28
Q

This is a high affinity fibronectin binding protein

A

protein F

29
Q

This is a keratinocyte (outer skin) adhesion

A

M protein

30
Q

What determines how a GAS infection spreads

A

how the infection was acquired; skin/mucous membrane tend to stay localized but deep tissue tends to spread rapidly

31
Q

This breaks down fibrin, disrupting clot formation

A

streptokinase

32
Q

What do bacteria use to avoid phagocytosis

A

antiphagocytic factors

33
Q

This is the most important antiphagocytic factor, it is central to pathogenesis and required for virulence

A

M protein

34
Q

This is a mucoid capsule

A

hyaluronic acid capsule

35
Q

This inactivated phagocyte chemotaxin

A

C5a peptidase

36
Q

This blocks complement from binding to the cells, inhibits the formation of opsonizins, and forms a dense coating on bacterias surface

A

M protein

37
Q

What makes M protein so hard to target

A

There are nearly 100 serotypes

38
Q

True or False

The hyaluronic acid capsule on strep is that same as the polysaccharide capsule on staph

A

false; they are not the same

39
Q

What does the hyaluronic acid capsule do

A

makes strep “slippery,” interfering with phagocytosis

ARF isolates are heavily encapsulated

40
Q

This will destroy hyaluronic capsules

A

hyaluronidase

41
Q

True or False

GAS invokes intense inflammatory response in tissues

A

True

42
Q

These can mimic the effects of endotoxins, are responsible for the red rash of scarlet fever, and produce streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

A

superantigens

43
Q

True or False

Group B strep is more common, though less notorious than group A

A

True

44
Q

Where do GBS inhabit

A

lower GI and female genital tract

45
Q

What does GBS cause

A

neonatal spesis and meningitis

cellulitis, arthritis

46
Q

GBS has what type of capsule

A

polysaccharide (different from GAS)

47
Q

Which groups are included in other β-hemolytic strep

A

groups C, G, and F

48
Q

What do groups C, G, and F have in common with and B

A

M protein
bind fibrinogen
secrete extracellular enzymes

49
Q

Which groups also has a hyaluronic acid capsule

A

C

50
Q

Group D strep undergoes what type of hemolysis

A

α or γ

51
Q

What describes group D strep and where is it found

A

enterococci and nonenterococci

normal flora of GI and genitourinary tract

52
Q

What are considered “world’s toughest pathogenic bacteria”

A

enterococci

53
Q

What is required for killing of enterococcil; which antibiotic are some resistant against

A

antibiotic synergism

vancomycin

54
Q

What type of bacteria and conditions are a result of nonenterococci

A

S. bovis
subactue bacterial endocarditis
bacteremia

55
Q

True or False

Nonenterococci can grow in high salt and are killed by penicillin

A

False; enterococci can grow in salt, but are not killed by penicillin

56
Q

This is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis, and 30-60% of the oropharyngeal flora, is α-hemolytic

A

viridans strep

57
Q

True or False

Enterococci have a low virulence, but are very resistant

A

True

58
Q

Viridans strep consists of what strep family

A

S. mutans (causes caries)

59
Q

S. mutans thrives on which substance

A

sucrose; fermenting it, causing acid

SP14 Microbiology (31 decks)

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