Exam 3 – Lecture 28: Endocrine System 3 Flashcards
Where is the thyroid at?
Bilateral anterior cervical region
What is the thyroid developed from?
Embryologic branchial arches
What does the thyroid do?
Growth and metabolism
What hormones come from the thyroid?
T4 (thyroxine)
T3 (tri-iodo thyronine)
Calcitonin
What is the thyroid lined by?
Follicular cells
What produces thyroglobulin?
Colloid
What is thyroglobulin?
A protein
What are follicular cells responsible for?
Producing colloid
How many parathyroid glands are there? Where?
4
Cranial and caudal pole of each thyroid
What are the parathyroid glands derived from?
Branchial arch
What do the parathyroid glands do?
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism
What diseases are associated with calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
Rickets and osteomalacia
What are the parathyroid cells?
Principal (chief) cells
Oxyphil cells
What do principal cells make?
PTH
Describe oxyphil cells
Have acidophilic cytoplasm
Not secretory
Describe the adrenal glands
Bilateral
Cranial medial pole of the kidney
Sometimes called “suprarenal”
What is the origin of the adrenal gland?
Dual embryologic origin
- —Cortex
- —Medulla
What are lymph nodes of the adrenal glands like in the cortex compared to the medulla?
Lighter in the cortex
What is the cortex of the adrenal glands made up of?
Epithelial
What is the medulla of the adrenal glands made of?
Post-ganglionic sympathetic
What are the zones of the adrenal cortex?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fascicularis
Zona reticularis
What comes from the zona glomerulosa?
Aldosterone
What comes from the zona fascicularis?
Glucocorticoids
What comes from the zona reticularis?
Glucocorticoids
Androgens
What cells are in the adrenal medulla?
Chromaffin cells
What are chromaffin cells?
Modified post-synaptic sympathetic neurons
What does the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla?
Secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine to the blood stream
What is the adrenal medulla responsible for?
Fight of flight
