Exam 2 – Lecture 18: Respiratory 2 and Urinary 1 Flashcards
What is pleura?
Simple squamous epithelium on a connective tissue base
Bag like structure
Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras
Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras
Describe mammals, birds, and marine fish urinary system
Concentration nitrogenous waster, thus water conservation
What does the urinary system do for homeostasis?
Water maintenance Acid/base maintenance Ion maintenance (Na, K, PO4, Cl, etc)
What does the urinary system do for endocrine release?
Make erythropoietin, renin and vitamin D
What makes up the urinary system?
Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Cloaca (birds and reptiles)
What do kidneys have?
A fibrous capsule
What is the location of kidneys?
Retroperitoneal
What is the hilus?
The space where things enter and exit the kidney
Artery in, veins and ureter out
What are the layers of the parenchyma?
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
What is the cortex?
The outer layer of the parenchyma
What is the medulla?
The inner layer of the parenchyma
What is the renal pelvis immediately continuous with?
Ureter
What goes through the urethra?
Bladder
Which can be seen, ureter or urethra?
Urethra
If ureter is seen, there is a problem
What is a nephron?
Structural and functional unit of the kidney
What makes up the renal corpuscle and tubular system?
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
What does the glomerulus connect to?
Tubular system
Which convoluted tubule is closest to the glomerulus?
Proximal
Is the collecting duct a part of the nephron? Why?
No
1 collecting duct can serve multiple nephrons
When is the shape of the kidney developed?
Most are embryologically
Lobular is retained in maturity
What are the 2 types of kidneys?
Lobular and pyramid
What are medullary rays?
Very similar to lobules and serve the same purpose as collecting ducts
What makes up a lobule?
Collecting duct and nephrons
What is the renal cortex?
The outer surface
What makes up the renal cortex?
Renal corpuscles (glomeruli) Proximal convoluted tubules Distal convoluted tubules Collecting tubules Interstitium Vessels
Where is the only place that glomeruli is found?
Renal cortex
What is fluid in the tubules considered?
Glomerular filtrate, not urine
Why is there more salt concentration in the medulla than the tubules?
So that water in the tubules can be sucked out to help conserve it
Where does filtration of the blood occur?
Glomerulus
What happens in the glomerulus that happens no where else in the body?
An arteriole breaks down into a capillary bed and then reforms into an arteriole again
What are outer walls of the capillaries in the glomerulus?
Glomerular basement membrane
What does the filtration in the glomerulus?
Epithelial cells that line the capillary and podocytes
What do podocytes interdigitate around?
Capillary walls
What does Bowman’s capsule surround?
Glomerular capillary tuft
Where is the visceral portion of Bowman’s capsule?
Immediately on the surface of the capillary tuft
What is mesangium?
The connective tissue that hold the blood vessels of the capillary in the glomerulus
Important in decreasing and increasing blood flow
What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?
Portion of the distal convoluted tubules with macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular cells
What does macula densa do?
Monitors sodium concentration in the fluid in the tubule
What are juxtaglomerular cells?
Modified smooth muscle cells
