Exam 2 – Lecture 18: Respiratory 2 and Urinary 1

Question 1

What is pleura?

Answer 1

Simple squamous epithelium on a connective tissue base

Bag like structure

Question 2

Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras

Answer 2

Look at picture of pleura for parietal and visceral pleuras

Question 3

Describe mammals, birds, and marine fish urinary system

Answer 3

Concentration nitrogenous waster, thus water conservation

Question 4

What does the urinary system do for homeostasis?

Answer 4

Water maintenance 
Acid/base maintenance
Ion maintenance (Na, K, PO4, Cl, etc)

Question 5

What does the urinary system do for endocrine release?

Answer 5

Make erythropoietin, renin and vitamin D

Question 6

What makes up the urinary system?

Answer 6

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Cloaca (birds and reptiles)

Question 7

What do kidneys have?

Answer 7

A fibrous capsule

Question 8

What is the location of kidneys?

Answer 8

Retroperitoneal

Question 9

What is the hilus?

Answer 9

The space where things enter and exit the kidney

Artery in, veins and ureter out

Question 10

What are the layers of the parenchyma?

Answer 10

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

Question 11

What is the cortex?

Answer 11

The outer layer of the parenchyma

Question 12

What is the medulla?

Answer 12

The inner layer of the parenchyma

Question 13

What is the renal pelvis immediately continuous with?

Answer 13

Ureter

Question 14

What goes through the urethra?

Answer 14

Bladder

Question 15

Which can be seen, ureter or urethra?

Answer 15

Urethra

If ureter is seen, there is a problem

Question 16

What is a nephron?

Answer 16

Structural and functional unit of the kidney

Question 17

What makes up the renal corpuscle and tubular system?

Answer 17

Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

What does the glomerulus connect to?

Answer 18

Tubular system

Question 19

Which convoluted tubule is closest to the glomerulus?

Answer 19

Proximal

Question 20

Is the collecting duct a part of the nephron? Why?

Answer 20

No

1 collecting duct can serve multiple nephrons

Question 21

When is the shape of the kidney developed?

Answer 21

Most are embryologically

Lobular is retained in maturity

Question 22

What are the 2 types of kidneys?

Answer 22

Lobular and pyramid

Question 23

What are medullary rays?

Answer 23

Very similar to lobules and serve the same purpose as collecting ducts

Question 24

What makes up a lobule?

Answer 24

Collecting duct and nephrons

Question 25

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 25

The outer surface

Question 26

What makes up the renal cortex?

Answer 26

``` Renal corpuscles (glomeruli) Proximal convoluted tubules Distal convoluted tubules Collecting tubules Interstitium Vessels ```

Question 27

Where is the only place that glomeruli is found?

Answer 27

Renal cortex

Question 28

What is fluid in the tubules considered?

Answer 28

Glomerular filtrate, not urine

Question 29

Why is there more salt concentration in the medulla than the tubules?

Answer 29

So that water in the tubules can be sucked out to help conserve it

Question 30

Where does filtration of the blood occur?

Answer 30

Glomerulus

Question 31

What happens in the glomerulus that happens no where else in the body?

Answer 31

An arteriole breaks down into a capillary bed and then reforms into an arteriole again

Question 32

What are outer walls of the capillaries in the glomerulus?

Answer 32

Glomerular basement membrane

Question 33

What does the filtration in the glomerulus?

Answer 33

Epithelial cells that line the capillary and podocytes

Question 34

What do podocytes interdigitate around?

Answer 34

Capillary walls

Question 35

What does Bowman's capsule surround?

Answer 35

Glomerular capillary tuft

Question 36

Where is the visceral portion of Bowman's capsule?

Answer 36

Immediately on the surface of the capillary tuft

Question 37

What is mesangium?

Answer 37

The connective tissue that hold the blood vessels of the capillary in the glomerulus Important in decreasing and increasing blood flow

Question 38

What is the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus?

Answer 38

Portion of the distal convoluted tubules with macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular cells

Question 39

What does macula densa do?

Answer 39

Monitors sodium concentration in the fluid in the tubule

Question 40

What are juxtaglomerular cells?

Answer 40

Modified smooth muscle cells