Exam 1 – Lecture 3: Organelles 1 Flashcards
What are the membranous organelles?
Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Mitochondria Vesicles Endosomes Lysosomes Peroxisomes
What are the non-membranous organelles?
Microtubules
Filaments
Centrioles
Ribosomes
What is found throughout cells that are active?
Mitochondria
Where is most of the nucleic acid in the cell located?
Nucleus
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Lipid bilayer
Proteins
What is the relationship between the lipid bilayer and water?
The lipid bilayer is hydrophilic and hydrophobic (AKA amphipathic)
What are the different types of proteins in the cell membrane? Where exactly are they?
Integral: inside the lipid bilayer
Peripheral: outside the lipid bilayer
What is the cell coat of the cell membrane called?
Glycocalyx
What does the cell membrane act as?
Barrier
What are the integral proteins of the cell membrane?
Pumps
Channels
Receptors
Linker proteins
What do cells that attach to other cells need?
Linker proteins
What are the 2 types of vesicular transport?
Endocytosis (taking things in)
Exocytosis (letting things out)
What are the different types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated
What is pinocytosis?
Picking up fluids/water
What is phagocytosis?
Picking up particles
What is the reason for why bruises eventually fade?
Phagocytosis
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Cells that pick up certain molecules
What are the different types of exocytosis?
Constitutive
Regulated
What is the job of endosomes?
Sort and recycle proteins
What could an endosome become?
Lysosome
What determines if an endosome will become a lysosome?
Contains several “lytic” enzymes
Unique membrane
Derived from endoplasmic reticulum
What are lysosomes?
Digestive organelles
What are 3 types of lysosomes?
Autophagy
Heterophagy
Azurophilic granules
What are the different types of azurophilic granules?
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Eosinophilic leukocytes
Basophilic leukocytes
Do neutrophils stain?
No
What do eosinophils attract?
Eosin
What do basophils attract?
Hematoxylin
What does the rough ER contain?
Ribosomes
What does the rough ER do?
Protein synthesis
What are the two types of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
What happens in transcription?
DNA becomes RNA
What happens in translation?
RNA becomes protein
What happens in the smooth ER?
Steroid/lipid metabolism
Detoxify/conjugate noxious substances
Membrane formation/cycle
What is recycled in the smooth ER?
Cell membranes
What is the golgi apparatus?
A series of sacks that are bilayered
What does the golgi apparatus do?
Modify, sort, and package proteins
What is the mitochondrion?
Powerhouse of the cells
What is cristae?
The folds inside the mitochondria
What does mitochondrion control?
Apoptosis
Are there mitochondria in mature RBCs?
No
What are peroxisomes also known as?
Microbodies
What do peroxisomes contain?
Oxidative enxymes
What do peroxisomes do?
β oxidation of fatty acids
What are peroxisomes prominent in?
The liver
What are peroxisomes responsible for?
Alcohol poisoning
