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Histology > Exam 1 – Lecture 3: Organelles 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 – Lecture 3: Organelles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the membranous organelles?

A 
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
Mitochondria
Vesicles
Endosomes
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
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2
Q

What are the non-membranous organelles?

A

Microtubules
Filaments
Centrioles
Ribosomes

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3
Q

What is found throughout cells that are active?

A

Mitochondria

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4
Q

Where is most of the nucleic acid in the cell located?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Lipid bilayer

Proteins

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6
Q

What is the relationship between the lipid bilayer and water?

A

The lipid bilayer is hydrophilic and hydrophobic (AKA amphipathic)

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7
Q

What are the different types of proteins in the cell membrane? Where exactly are they?

A

Integral: inside the lipid bilayer
Peripheral: outside the lipid bilayer

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8
Q

What is the cell coat of the cell membrane called?

A

Glycocalyx

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9
Q

What does the cell membrane act as?

A

Barrier

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10
Q

What are the integral proteins of the cell membrane?

A

Pumps
Channels
Receptors
Linker proteins

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11
Q

What do cells that attach to other cells need?

A

Linker proteins

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of vesicular transport?

A

Endocytosis (taking things in)

Exocytosis (letting things out)

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13
Q

What are the different types of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor-mediated

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14
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Picking up fluids/water

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15
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Picking up particles

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16
Q

What is the reason for why bruises eventually fade?

A

Phagocytosis

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17
Q

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

Cells that pick up certain molecules

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18
Q

What are the different types of exocytosis?

A

Constitutive

Regulated

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19
Q

What is the job of endosomes?

A

Sort and recycle proteins

20
Q

What could an endosome become?

A

Lysosome

21
Q

What determines if an endosome will become a lysosome?

A

Contains several “lytic” enzymes
Unique membrane
Derived from endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Digestive organelles

23
Q

What are 3 types of lysosomes?

A

Autophagy
Heterophagy
Azurophilic granules

24
Q

What are the different types of azurophilic granules?

A

Neutrophilic leukocytes
Eosinophilic leukocytes
Basophilic leukocytes

25
Q

Do neutrophils stain?

A

No

26
Q

What do eosinophils attract?

A

Eosin

27
Q

What do basophils attract?

A

Hematoxylin

28
Q

What does the rough ER contain?

A

Ribosomes

29
Q

What does the rough ER do?

A

Protein synthesis

30
Q

What are the two types of protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and translation

31
Q

What happens in transcription?

A

DNA becomes RNA

32
Q

What happens in translation?

A

RNA becomes protein

33
Q

What happens in the smooth ER?

A

Steroid/lipid metabolism
Detoxify/conjugate noxious substances
Membrane formation/cycle

34
Q

What is recycled in the smooth ER?

A

Cell membranes

35
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

A series of sacks that are bilayered

36
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do?

A

Modify, sort, and package proteins

37
Q

What is the mitochondrion?

A

Powerhouse of the cells

38
Q

What is cristae?

A

The folds inside the mitochondria

39
Q

What does mitochondrion control?

A

Apoptosis

40
Q

Are there mitochondria in mature RBCs?

A

No

41
Q

What are peroxisomes also known as?

A

Microbodies

42
Q

What do peroxisomes contain?

A

Oxidative enxymes

43
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

β oxidation of fatty acids

44
Q

What are peroxisomes prominent in?

A

The liver

45
Q

What are peroxisomes responsible for?

A

Alcohol poisoning

Histology (30 decks)

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