Exam 2 – Lecture 15: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Which have a higher blood pressure, arteries or veins?

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

What are the 2 circuits of circulation?

Answer 2

Pulmonary

Systemic

Question 3

What does blood flow occur in response to?

Answer 3

Pressure gradients and gravity

Question 4

What is the heart?

Answer 4

Muscular pump that has autonomic nervous stimulation

Question 5

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 5

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 6

What is epicardium?

Answer 6

The serial layer of the heart with an underlying tissue base that connects it to the heart

Question 7

What is the epicardium called more specifically? Why?

Answer 7

Visceral epicardium

It is directly attached to the organ

Question 8

What kind of cells is the epicardium made of?

Answer 8

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

What is the myocardium made of?

Answer 9

Muscle

Question 10

What is the endocardium?

Answer 10

The endothelial lining of the heart

Question 11

What are the different valves in the heart?

Answer 11

AV valves (right and left)
Pulmonic
Aortic

Question 12

What do arteries do?

Answer 12

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 13

What are the different types of arteries?

Answer 13

Large (elastic)
Medium (muscular)
Small arteries and arterioles

Question 14

What are the layers/tunics of arteries?

Answer 14

Intima
Media
Adventitia

Question 15

What does the tunica intima do?

Answer 15

Prevents clotting

Endothelial lining of arteries

Question 16

Describe tunica media

Answer 16

Most variation
Middle layer
Elastic connective tissue

Question 17

What is the tunica adventitia?

Answer 17

The outer layer

Connective tissue that holds the vessels between the muscles

Question 18

What is vasa vasorum?

Answer 18

Blood vessel that nourishes blood vessel in tunic adventitia

Question 19

Which are bigger, arteries or the veins associated with them?

Answer 19

Veins

Question 20

What is the size of capillaries?

Answer 20

1 RBC or less

Question 21

What are the types of capillaries?

Answer 21

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

Question 22

What type are most capillaries?

Answer 22

Continuous

Question 23

Describe continuous capillaries

Answer 23

Has tight junctions
Endothelial
Little connective tissue

Question 24

Where can fenestrated capillaries be found?

Answer 24

Endocrine glands and GI tract

Question 25

What do fenestrated capillaries do?

Answer 25

Absorption

Question 26

What are endothelial cells like in fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 26

Endothelial cells thin out and become not much more than 2 cell membranes

Question 27

Are discontinuous capillaries lined by epithelium?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Where are discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries found?

Answer 28

Liver
Spleen
Marrow

Question 29

What occurs at the capillary level?

Answer 29

O2 and metabolic exchange

Question 30

Which has more surface area, capillaries, veins or arteries?

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

What are the layers of veins like?

Answer 31

Same as tunics, but not as distinct
Minimal tunica media
Adventitia usually largest, collagen, elastin

Question 32

Which way does the valve face?

Answer 32

The same direction as blood flow

Question 33

Describe venules

Answer 33

Post-capillary

Muscular

Question 34

What are lymphatics?

Answer 34

Blind tubes that return tissue fluid to blood stream