Exam 2 – Lecture 16: Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the two segments of the respiratory system?
Conducting and respiratory
What makes up the conducting segment?
Nostrils Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles
What makes up the respiratory segment?
Bronchioles and alveoli
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Oxygenate blood
What are other functions of the respiratory system?
Condition air
Homeostasis
Sensory
What does the respiratory system do to condition air?
Filter out particulate matter
Control temperature
Control humidity
What does the respiratory system do for homeostasis?
First line of defense (intact skin, mucous membrane, and immune surveillance)
Helps with thermoregulation
Acid/base control
What is the temperature of air in alveoli?
37.1ºC
Why can you see your breath in cold air?
You exhale 100% humidity every time you breathe
What makes up nostrils?
Paired nares
What is the mucocutaneous junction?
Where mucous meets skin
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium meets stratified squamous epithelium
What are cartilaginous turbinates?
2 scrolls of cartilage in the nose
What do the cartilaginous turbinates define?
Spaces called meatus
What do some portions of the nasal passages have glands in?
Submucosa
What do nasal passages consist of?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Where are guttural pouches found?
Horses
What is the next step down after the nasal passages?
Pharynx and larynx
What is the pharynx?
Common area shared between the oral cavity and the nasal passages
What is found in the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
What is the larynx also known as?
Voice box
Describe the larynx
Cartilaginous
Vocal folds (sound)
Entrance to the trachea
What is the trachea?
Airway, “wind pipe”
How does the trachea extend?
From the larynx to bronchi
What is the trachea made of?
Hyaline cartilage
What is hyalin cartilage like in mammals? Birds?
Incomplete
Complete
What are the layers of the trachea?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Cartilage
Adventitia
What is adventitia?
Outer surface of cartilage
Connective tissue that keeps it in place
What is the submucosa?
Where glands live, blood vessels run, and nerves run
Look at picture of trachea layers
Look at picture of trachea layers
What is the tracheal mucosa made of?
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
What is a goblet cell?
Unicellular gland
What can be found in the tracheal mucosa?
Mucous cells (ciliated cells and goblet cells)
What is the tracheal mucosa?
Mucociliary elevator
