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Histology > Exam 2 – Lecture 13: Nerve 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 – Lecture 13: Nerve 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are fascicles?

A

Clusters of nerves

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2
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Connective tissue on the outside of a fascicle

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3
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

The bundles of connective tissue around a cluster of axons in the fascicle

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4
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Connective tissue around an individual axon in the fascicle

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5
Q

Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle

A

Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle

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6
Q

What is within the central nervous system?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendroglia
Microglia
Ependyma

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7
Q

What are the astrocytes?

A

The main type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that function to support, modulate activity, and scar when damaged

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8
Q

What does oligodendroglia do?

A

Make myelin

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9
Q

What is microglia?

A

Local phagocytes

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10
Q

Where does the ependyma line?

A

The central canal in the brain and the spinal cord

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11
Q

What is within the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

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12
Q

What do schwann cells form?

A

Myelin

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13
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Non-specific cells that support the PNS

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14
Q

What is myelination?

A

High lipid insulation

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15
Q

What is myelination performed by?

A

Schwann cells and oligodendroglia

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16
Q

What does myelination do?

A

Speeds up contraction

Allows many nerves to run in the same fascicles and not cross signals

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17
Q

Describe unmyelinated fibers

A

Slower conduction

Still invested in Schwann cells

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18
Q

What is an action potential?

A

Electrochemical depolarization

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19
Q

What is the path of action potential?

A

Starts at axonal hillock moves toward the synapse

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20
Q

Where is the node of ranvier?

A

Between the schwann cells, where one schwann cell meets the next

21
Q

What is made in the gray matter of the brain?

A

Cell bodies

22
Q

What does the white matter mostly consist of?

A

Axons

23
Q

What do meninges do?

A

Cover the brain and spinal cord

24
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

25
Q

What is dura mater?

A

The first layer directly under the bone

Tough mother

26
Q

Where does the pia mater run down into? What does it invest?

A

Runs down into the brain and invests blood vessels

27
Q

What are the layers of the blood brain barrier?

A

Endothelium
Pericyte
Astrocyte

28
Q

What is the blood brain barrier used for?

A

To keep blood off of neurons

29
Q

What are the vast majority of blood vessels lined by?

A

Endothelium

30
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Help to form the blood brain barrier

31
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

Higher centers

32
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of?

A

Gray matter

White matter

33
Q

Where is the gray matter of the cerebrum?

A

Outer/cortical surfaces

34
Q

Where is the white matter of the cerebrum?

A

Central area/medulla

35
Q

What is the gyri?

A

The ridge of the cerebrum

36
Q

What is the sulci?

A

The grooves of the cerebrum

37
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Coordination

38
Q

What are the fronds of the cerebellum called?

A

Folia

39
Q

Where is the gray matter of the cerebellum?

A

Cortex

40
Q

Where is the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Medulla

41
Q

What is the cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

The cerebellum does not grow its full size

42
Q

What is the outer most layer of the cerebellum called?

A

Molecular layer

43
Q

What is the inner layer of the gray matter called?

A

Granular layer

44
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Subconscious control
Body temp and blood pressure are maintained here
Gastric motility is controlled here

45
Q

What are nuclei in the brain stem?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies

46
Q

What is spinal cord named by?

A

Vertebrae

47
Q

Where is the white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Cortex

48
Q

Where is the gray matter in the spinal cord?

A

Medulla

Histology (30 decks)

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