Exam 2 – Lecture 13: Nerve 2 Flashcards
What are fascicles?
Clusters of nerves
What is the epineurium?
Connective tissue on the outside of a fascicle
What is the perineurium?
The bundles of connective tissue around a cluster of axons in the fascicle
What is the endoneurium?
Connective tissue around an individual axon in the fascicle
Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle
Look at picture in notes to identify each layer of fascicle
What is within the central nervous system?
Astrocytes
Oligodendroglia
Microglia
Ependyma
What are the astrocytes?
The main type of cell in the brain and spinal cord that function to support, modulate activity, and scar when damaged
What does oligodendroglia do?
Make myelin
What is microglia?
Local phagocytes
Where does the ependyma line?
The central canal in the brain and the spinal cord
What is within the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
What do schwann cells form?
Myelin
What are satellite cells?
Non-specific cells that support the PNS
What is myelination?
High lipid insulation
What is myelination performed by?
Schwann cells and oligodendroglia
What does myelination do?
Speeds up contraction
Allows many nerves to run in the same fascicles and not cross signals
Describe unmyelinated fibers
Slower conduction
Still invested in Schwann cells
What is an action potential?
Electrochemical depolarization
What is the path of action potential?
Starts at axonal hillock moves toward the synapse
Where is the node of ranvier?
Between the schwann cells, where one schwann cell meets the next
What is made in the gray matter of the brain?
Cell bodies
What does the white matter mostly consist of?
Axons
What do meninges do?
Cover the brain and spinal cord
What are the 3 layers of meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What is dura mater?
The first layer directly under the bone
Tough mother
Where does the pia mater run down into? What does it invest?
Runs down into the brain and invests blood vessels
What are the layers of the blood brain barrier?
Endothelium
Pericyte
Astrocyte
What is the blood brain barrier used for?
To keep blood off of neurons
What are the vast majority of blood vessels lined by?
Endothelium
What do astrocytes do?
Help to form the blood brain barrier
What is the cerebrum?
Higher centers
What does the cerebrum consist of?
Gray matter
White matter
Where is the gray matter of the cerebrum?
Outer/cortical surfaces
Where is the white matter of the cerebrum?
Central area/medulla
What is the gyri?
The ridge of the cerebrum
What is the sulci?
The grooves of the cerebrum
What does the cerebellum do?
Coordination
What are the fronds of the cerebellum called?
Folia
Where is the gray matter of the cerebellum?
Cortex
Where is the white matter of the cerebellum?
Medulla
What is the cerebellar hypoplasia?
The cerebellum does not grow its full size
What is the outer most layer of the cerebellum called?
Molecular layer
What is the inner layer of the gray matter called?
Granular layer
What does the brain stem do?
Subconscious control
Body temp and blood pressure are maintained here
Gastric motility is controlled here
What are nuclei in the brain stem?
Collection of nerve cell bodies
What is spinal cord named by?
Vertebrae
Where is the white matter in the spinal cord?
Cortex
Where is the gray matter in the spinal cord?
Medulla
