Exam 3 – Lecture 23: GI 2

Question 1

What is the esophagus?

Answer 1

Muscular conduit

Question 2

What does the esophagus go from and extend to?

Answer 2

Goes from the oropharynx and extends to the stomach

Extends down the cervical region and through the thoracic cavity into the abdomen

Question 3

What is one of the major organs to go through the diaphragm?

Answer 3

Esophagus

Question 4

What are the tunics of the esophagus?

Answer 4

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/adventitia

Question 5

What kind of epithelium is the mucosa?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What kind of tissue is the submucosa?

Answer 6

Loose areolar connective tissue

Question 7

Is the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus keratinized?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What is the avian crop?

Answer 8

Dilation of the esophagus at the thoracic inlet

Question 9

What happens when birds eat?

Answer 9

Food can be stored in the crop and then moves to the proventriculus, which is the chemical stomach. Food moves to the gizzard, which is a grinding organ

Question 10

What does the gizzard do?

Answer 10

Chews food after it has gone through the chemical process

Question 11

What kind of muscle is the esophagus?

Answer 11

Smooth and voluntary

Question 12

What are the regions of the monogastric stomach?

Answer 12

Cardiac region
Fundic region
Pyloric region

Question 13

What are the parts to the ruminant stomach?

Answer 13

Rumen (paunch)
Reticulum (honeycomb)
Omasum (many piles, “butcher’s bible”)
Abomasum (true or chemical stomach)

Question 14

What kind of epithelium makes up the rumen, reticulum, and omasum?

Answer 14

Stratified squamous

Question 15

Describe the rumen and reticulum

Answer 15

Manny commensal microbes
Mostly fermentation
Reducing environment
Some absorption

Question 16

What does the omasum do?

Answer 16

Water absorption

Question 17

What is the abomasum like?

Answer 17

Longitudinal folds (rugae)
Columnar epithelium with numerous goblets and has gastric pits

Question 18

What are the regions of the abomasum?

Answer 18

Cardiac
Fundus
Pyloric

Question 19

Which region makes up a majority of the stomach?

Answer 19

Fundus

Question 20

What happens in the pylorus?

Answer 20

The stomach empties into the intestines

Question 21

What do the cardiac and pyloric regions mostly have?

Answer 21

Mucus

Question 22

Where is the torus pylorus found in? What is it?

Answer 22

Only pigs

A little mass/raised nodule between the pylorus and duodenum

Question 23

What kind of secretions does the fundic region have?

Answer 23

Glandular

Question 24

What are the fundic/gastric glands like in the fundic region?

Answer 24

Simple branched tubular glands

Question 25

What is found in the fundic glands?

Answer 25

Goblet cells, which make mucus | Chief cells, which makes pepsinogen that becomes pepsin when acitvated

Question 26

What is produced from parietal cells of fundic region?

Answer 26

HCl and intrinsic factor (glycoprotein)

Question 27

What kind of secretions do the fundic glands have?

Answer 27

Enteroendocrine secretions into the lamina propria

Question 28

What is the small intestine?

Answer 28

Principle digestion site/absorption

Question 29

What are the 3 major portions of the small intestine?

Answer 29

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 30

List the portions of the small intestine in order of longest to shortest

Answer 30

Jejunum Duodenum Ileum

Question 31

What is the small intestine supported by?

Answer 31

Mesentery

Question 32

What can be found in the mesentery?

Answer 32

Peritoneum | Vessels

Question 33

What does the lining of the small intestine have?

Answer 33

Villi

Question 34

Describe villi

Answer 34

"finger-like" projections | Crypts

Question 35

What is the epithelium of the small intestine/villi?

Answer 35

Columnar epithelium

Question 36

What is the space in the villi?

Answer 36

Lacteal

Question 37

What is a lacteal?

Answer 37

A lymphatic vessel that absorbs nutrients so they can go into circulation

Question 38

Where do cells of the small intestine divide?

Answer 38

In the crypts

Question 39

What does parvo mimic?

Answer 39

Radiation poisoning

Question 40

Were does parvo wipe out small intestine?

Answer 40

At the crypts

Question 41

Where does coronavirus tend to attack the small intestine?

Answer 41

Mid-villus

Question 42

What does coronavirus cause?

Answer 42

Villi to shorten

Question 43

Where does rotavirus attack the small intestine?

Answer 43

Tips of the villus