Exam 3 – Lecture 23: GI 2 Flashcards
What is the esophagus?
Muscular conduit
What does the esophagus go from and extend to?
Goes from the oropharynx and extends to the stomach
Extends down the cervical region and through the thoracic cavity into the abdomen
What is one of the major organs to go through the diaphragm?
Esophagus
What are the tunics of the esophagus?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/adventitia
What kind of epithelium is the mucosa?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What kind of tissue is the submucosa?
Loose areolar connective tissue
Is the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus keratinized?
No
What is the avian crop?
Dilation of the esophagus at the thoracic inlet
What happens when birds eat?
Food can be stored in the crop and then moves to the proventriculus, which is the chemical stomach. Food moves to the gizzard, which is a grinding organ
What does the gizzard do?
Chews food after it has gone through the chemical process
What kind of muscle is the esophagus?
Smooth and voluntary
What are the regions of the monogastric stomach?
Cardiac region
Fundic region
Pyloric region
What are the parts to the ruminant stomach?
Rumen (paunch)
Reticulum (honeycomb)
Omasum (many piles, “butcher’s bible”)
Abomasum (true or chemical stomach)
What kind of epithelium makes up the rumen, reticulum, and omasum?
Stratified squamous
Describe the rumen and reticulum
Manny commensal microbes
Mostly fermentation
Reducing environment
Some absorption
What does the omasum do?
Water absorption
What is the abomasum like?
Longitudinal folds (rugae) Columnar epithelium with numerous goblets and has gastric pits
What are the regions of the abomasum?
Cardiac
Fundus
Pyloric
Which region makes up a majority of the stomach?
Fundus
What happens in the pylorus?
The stomach empties into the intestines
What do the cardiac and pyloric regions mostly have?
Mucus
Where is the torus pylorus found in? What is it?
Only pigs
A little mass/raised nodule between the pylorus and duodenum
What kind of secretions does the fundic region have?
Glandular
What are the fundic/gastric glands like in the fundic region?
Simple branched tubular glands
What is found in the fundic glands?
Goblet cells, which make mucus
Chief cells, which makes pepsinogen that becomes pepsin when acitvated
What is produced from parietal cells of fundic region?
HCl and intrinsic factor (glycoprotein)
What kind of secretions do the fundic glands have?
Enteroendocrine secretions into the lamina propria
What is the small intestine?
Principle digestion site/absorption
What are the 3 major portions of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
List the portions of the small intestine in order of longest to shortest
Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum
What is the small intestine supported by?
Mesentery
What can be found in the mesentery?
Peritoneum
Vessels
What does the lining of the small intestine have?
Villi
Describe villi
“finger-like” projections
Crypts
What is the epithelium of the small intestine/villi?
Columnar epithelium
What is the space in the villi?
Lacteal
What is a lacteal?
A lymphatic vessel that absorbs nutrients so they can go into circulation
Where do cells of the small intestine divide?
In the crypts
What does parvo mimic?
Radiation poisoning
Were does parvo wipe out small intestine?
At the crypts
Where does coronavirus tend to attack the small intestine?
Mid-villus
What does coronavirus cause?
Villi to shorten
Where does rotavirus attack the small intestine?
Tips of the villus
