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Histology > Exam 2 – Lecture 11: Muscle > Flashcards

Exam 2 – Lecture 11: Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only thing muscles can do actively?

A

Get shorter

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2
Q

What are the names of muscles based on?

A

Morphology and activity

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3
Q

What is a muscle?

A

A tissue type

A specific mass of muscle tissue with origin, insertion, and action

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4
Q

What is a myofiber?

A

Individual muscle cell

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5
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

Contractile elements within a myofiber

Bundles of myofilaments

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6
Q

What can the shape of a muscle be like?

A

Flattened or cylindrical

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7
Q

What does the arrangement of myofibers determine?

A

Mobility/dexterity

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8
Q

What are the layers of a muscle fiber?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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9
Q

What is epimysium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

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10
Q

What is perimysium?

A

Connective tissue around a bundle (muscle fascicle)

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11
Q

What is a muscle fascicle made of?

A

Many myofibers

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12
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each individual myofiber

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13
Q

What is a myofiber like?

A

Elongated
Frequently multinucleated
Contains filaments or fibrils

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14
Q

What are the different types of filaments?

A

Actin, thin (6-8 nm)

Myosin, thick (15 nm)

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15
Q

What are the different categories of morphology?

A

Smooth striated

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16
Q

What are the different categories of activity?

A

Voluntary

Involuntary

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17
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary, striated

Multinucleated

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18
Q

What does skeletal muscle act as?

A

Syncytium

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19
Q

Where are the nuclei of skeletal muscle located?

A

In the periphery of the cell

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20
Q

What are the different fiber types of skeletal muscle?

A

Types 1, IIa, and IIb

21
Q

What kind of twitch do type I fibers have?

A

Slow

22
Q

What kind of metabolism do type I fibers have?

A

Oxidative

23
Q

Do type I fibers have many or few mitochondria?

A

Many

24
Q

What do type I fibers have a large amount of?

A

Myoglobin and cytochrome

25
Q

Because type I fibers are slow twitch, what does that mean in terms of fatigue?

A

Fatigue resistant

26
Q

Where can type I fibers be found?

A

Mammal limbs, migratory bird breast, marathon runners

27
Q

What kind of twitch do type IIa fibers have?

A

Fast

28
Q

What kind of metabolism do type IIa fibers have?

A

Oxidative glycolytic

29
Q

Describe type IIa fibers

A

Many mitochondria
Much myoglobin
Abundant glycogen
Capable of anaerobic function

30
Q

What kind of twitch do type IIb fibers have?

A

Fast

31
Q

What kind of metabolism do type IIb fibers have?

A

Glycolytic

32
Q

Describe type IIb fibers?

A

Large fibers
Less myoglobin and mitochondria
Much glycogen
High lactic acid production

33
Q

What do myofibrils provide?

A

Striations

34
Q

What do myofibrils make up?

A

Sarcomere

35
Q

What is within the sarcomere?

A 
A band
I band
M line
Z line
H band
36
Q

What is the A band composed of?

A

Mostly myosin

37
Q

What is the I band composed of?

A

Mostly actin

38
Q

Where is the M line?

A

Center of the A band

39
Q

What happens in the Z line?

A

Actin filaments conjoin between adjacent sarcomeres

40
Q

What is the H band?

A

Space between actin filaments

41
Q

Know the picture of a sarcomere

A

Know the picture of a sarcomere

42
Q

During muscle contractions, what happens to myofilaments?

A

They remain the same length

43
Q

When myofilaments remain the same length, what happens to interdigitation? H and I zones? A band?

A

Increases
Get smaller
Remains

44
Q

What is muscle contraction controlled by?

A

Ca++

45
Q

Where is Ca held?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

What is the T-tubular system?

A

Invaginations of plasma membrane

47
Q

What happens when the T-tubule depolarize?

A

Ca is released

48
Q

What makes up the neuromuscular junction?

A

Axon and myofiber

49
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in the neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

Histology (30 decks)

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