Exam 1 – Lecture 5: Cell Cycle

Question 1

What are the parts of the nucleus envelope?

Answer 1

Double membrane
Lamina
Pores
Control communication

Question 2

What makes up a membrane?

Answer 2

2 layers of phospholipids

Question 3

What is the size of a RBC?

Answer 3

8-10 μ

Question 4

What is the size of bacteria?

Answer 4

1-2 μ

Question 5

What is the size of a mitochondria?

Answer 5

0.25 μ

Question 6

What is the size of herpes virus?

Answer 6

100 nm

Question 7

Can proteins be seen?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What must a herpes virus be seen with?

Answer 8

Electron microscope

Question 9

What is the smallest that can be seen with a light microscope?

Answer 9

0.25 μ (mitochondria)

Question 10

What is a question of balance?

Answer 10

Growth (+/-)

Question 11

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 11

Increase in cell size

Question 12

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 12

Increase in cell number

Question 13

What does “A-“ mean? Atrophy? Aplasia?

Answer 13

Without
Decrease in cell size
WIthout cell numbers

Question 14

What is hypoplasia?

Answer 14

Number of cells decrease

Question 15

What does “neo-“ mean? Neoplasia?

Answer 15

New

New cell growth

Question 16

Look at chart for homeostasis

Answer 16

Look at chart for homeostasis

Question 17

What is the flow of blood?

Answer 17

Blood returns to the right atrium then goes into the right ventricle. It then goes to the lungs and comes back through the left atrium, then the left ventricle. The blood moves into the body

Question 18

What happens if the flow of blood is slowed from the left ventricle to the body?

Answer 18

The left ventricle will get bigger and cause a heavier workload. The muscle gets bigger and backs up into the left atrium and then the lungs. This leads to pulmonary edema

Question 19

What percentage of blood turns over everyday?

Answer 19

1%

Question 20

What is PCV?

Answer 20

Pack cell volume

Question 21

If new blood is not made, what can happen to PCV?

Answer 21

It can drop by 20%

Question 22

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 22

G1, S, G2, M, G0

Question 23

Where are the 2 checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Answer 23

Between G1 and S and between G2 and M

Question 24

What do the checkpoints look for?

Answer 24

Damaged DNA

Question 25

Describe G0 phase?

Answer 25

Quiescent or stable phase
Re-enter cells or terminal differentiation
Outside of the loop
Reason liver transplants can work

Question 26

Describe G1 phase?

Answer 26

Longest

Gather nutrients/preparation

Question 27

What does G1 phase do for preparation?

Answer 27

RNA and protein production before DNA replication

Question 28

What is the most important checkpoint?

Answer 28

G1/S checkpoint

Question 29

What can DNA damage at G1/S checkpoint potentially cause?

Answer 29

Breast cancer

Question 30

What will happen if the G1/S checkpoint is work, but there is DNA damage?

Answer 30

It will shut down

Question 31

Describe S phase.

Answer 31

DNA syntesis

Chromatids begin separation as cell enters prophase

Question 32

Describe G2 phase

Answer 32

Examines DNA fidelity
Organelles replicate
Short in rapidly dividing cells

Question 33

Describe M phase

Answer 33

Mitosis
Karyokinesis/cytokinesis
Results in 2 daughter cells

Question 34

What are the phase of mitosis?

Answer 34

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 35

What does the checkpoint between G2 and M do?

Answer 35

Spindle assembly

Chromosome segregation

Question 36

What is necrosis?

Answer 36

Cell death in the living host

Question 37

What is apoptosis?

Answer 37

Suicide by the cells controlled by mitochondria in a living host

Question 38

What is autolysis?

Answer 38

Cells dying after the host has been dead

Question 39

What happens in apoptosis?

Answer 39

The cell shuts down and begins to shrink. Chromosomes condense and the cell breaks into small pieces which are then phagocytosed