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Histology > Exam 1 – Lecture 4: Non-membranous Organelles > Flashcards

Exam 1 – Lecture 4: Non-membranous Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of microtubules?

A

Non-branching and rigid

Hollow tubes of protein polymers

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2
Q

What do microtubules do?

A

Form microtubular organizing centers (MTOC)

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3
Q

What do MTOCs do?

A

Form the basis of spindles

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4
Q

What do microtubules have a role in?

A

Intracellular transport / motion, cell shape, mitosis

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5
Q

What are 2 types of microtubules?

A

α and β tublin

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6
Q

What moves along micotubules?

A

Dyneins and kinesins

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7
Q

What do dyneins do?

A

Carry things to the cell

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8
Q

What do kinesins do?

A

Carry things away from the cell

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9
Q

Where is actin found?

A

In all cells

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10
Q

What is the structure of actin?

A

Helical array

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of actin?

A

Globular (G) and filamentous (F) actin

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12
Q

What do the actin associated proteins do?

A 
Binding
Severing
Capping
Cross-linking
Motor
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13
Q

What are the contractile proteins in muscle?

A

Actin and myosin

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14
Q

What is the funtion of actin?

A

Anchor, motion, μvilli

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15
Q

What does anchor mean?

A

Attach cells to things around it

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16
Q

What are intermediate filaments like?

A

Highly variable, non-polar polymers

Cable-like structure

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17
Q

What do intermediate filaments do?

A

Cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction

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18
Q

What are examples of intermediate filaments

A

Keratins
Vimentin and vimentin-like proteins
Neurofilaments
Laminin

19
Q

What does non-polar mean?

A

Non-directional

20
Q

How does the lowest level of epithelium attach to the basement membrane?

A

Intermediate filaments

21
Q

What are intermediate filaments very important in?

A

Cancer diagnostics

22
Q

What is keratin prominent in?

A

Epithelial tissues

23
Q

What is vimentin prominent in?

A

Connective tissues

24
Q

What is the focal point for MTOC?

A

Centrioles

25
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Cylindrical triplets of microtubules
Mitotic spindles
Basal bodies

26
Q

What are basal bodies?

A

The attachment centrioles for cilia and flagella

27
Q

What are inclusions?

A

Cytoplasmic accumulations

28
Q

What are examples of cytoplasmic accumulations?

A 
Lipofuscin
Hemosiderin
Glycogen
Lipid droplets
Crystalline
29
Q

What is the yellow of a bruise?

A

Lipofuscin

30
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Where glucose is stored

31
Q

Why is glycogen not seen on H and E?

A

It is water soluble

32
Q

What cannot be seen on H and E? What do they become?

A

Lipids

Clear spots

33
Q

What are ribosomes the site of?

A

Protein translation

34
Q

What are the 2 types of ribosomes?

A

40s and 60s

35
Q

What are ribosomes the target of?

A

Many antibiotics

36
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

RNA and protein

37
Q

What is the nucleus envelope like?

A

Membrane bound

38
Q

What is stored in the nucleus of eukaryotes?

A

Genetic information

Chromatin

39
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA and protein

40
Q

What is the substance in a nucleus?

A

Nucleoplasm

41
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Active, light in microscope
Not electron dense
Spread out and read DNA

42
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Inactive, dark on microsope
Electron dense
Chromosomes are not very active

43
Q

What are chromosomes like in the nucleus?

A

Discrete

Most times not visible (mitosis)

44
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

Site of RNA synthesis
Initial ribosomal assembly
Cell cycle control

Histology (30 decks)

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