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Histology > Exam 3 – Lecture 22: GI 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3 – Lecture 22: GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the GI system?

A

Lips to the anus

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2
Q

What happens in the GI system?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

Immune surveillance/barrier

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3
Q

What is the GI system like among different species?

A

Great variation

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4
Q

What is the general layout of the GI system?

A 
Mouth (oropharynx)
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine (small, large, cecum)
Rectum
Anus (cloaca)
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5
Q

What are the tunics of the GI system?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

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6
Q

What is the mucosa made up of?

A

Epithelium (lining)
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

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7
Q

What kind of tissue is the submucosa?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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8
Q

What runs in the submucosa?

A

Blood vessels and lymphatics

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9
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found? Why?

A

Up high in the tunics

It is the high friction area

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10
Q

What lines the rumen, reticulum, and omasum in ruminants?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

What happens to the thickness of the submucosa as you move down the intestine?

A

It gets thicker (thin up high)

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12
Q

What is the serosal layer?

A

Peritoneum of the abdomen that is adhered to other connective tissues

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13
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A 
Lips
Tongue
Teeth
Tonsils
Salivary glands
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14
Q

What are the lips?

A

Mucocutaneous junction

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15
Q

What happens at the mucocutaneous junction?

A

Keratinized squamous epithelium meets non-keratinized squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Describe the tongue

A

Skeletal muscle that is haphazardly arranged

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17
Q

Where are tonsils located?

A

In the caudal portion of the oropharynx

18
Q

What kind of epithelium is the tongue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

19
Q

What can be found on the tongue?

A

Papillae

Taste buds

20
Q

What are sublingual glands?

A

Surround the taste bud

Make saliva and other digestive things

21
Q

What are the 2 main layers of a tooth?

A

Crown

Root

22
Q

What makes up the crown of a tooth?

A

Enamel (outer most surface)
Dentin
Pulp (inner most portion)

23
Q

What makes up the root of a tooth?

A

Cementum
Dentin extension
Pulp extension
Central canal/nerve

24
Q

Which part of the tooth is visible?

A

Crown

25
Q

What is dentin?

A

Dense connective tissue that makes up most of the tooth

Only found in the crown

26
Q

What is the hardest known material in biological systems?

A

Tooth enamel

27
Q

What does cementum do?

A

Holds dentin to the bone

28
Q

What extends down into the root?

A

Dentin and pulp

29
Q

Where is the central canal?

A

In the pulp cavity

30
Q

Where is the central nerve?

A

In the central canal

31
Q

What is the location of the tonsils in different species?

A

Palatine (pigs)

Sublingual

32
Q

What are the tonsils covered by?

A

Epithelium that has crypts and lymphoid nodules

33
Q

What do salivary glands do?

A

Add moisture/emulsify

Begin digestion

34
Q

What are the salivary glands a huge source of in cattle?

A

Buffer and minerals

35
Q

What are the major glands of the salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Zygomatic

36
Q

What are the salivary glands lined with?

A

Epithelial

37
Q

What are the salivary glands separated into?

A

Lobules

38
Q

What are within the lobules of the salivary glands?

A

Acini

39
Q

What is on the outside of the salivary glands?

A

Myoepithelium

40
Q

What is myoepithelium like?

A

Contractile, but still epithelium

41
Q

Describe the secretion of salivary glands

A

Exocrine meaning that it releases its contents into a duct

42
Q

What are the secretions from salivary glands?

A

Serous (water/protein)
Mucous
Mixed

Histology (30 decks)

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