Exam 2 – Lecture 12: Muscle 2 and Nerve 1 Flashcards
Describe cardiac muscle
Striated
Multinucleated
Involuntary
Where is the nuclei located in cardiac muscle?
Centrally
What can you find in cardiac muscles but not skeletal muscle?
Intercalated disks
What kind of cells makes up cardiac muscle?
Permanent
What kind of cells makes up smooth muscle?
Elliptical, fusiform cells
Describe smooth muscle
No cross-striations Actin/myosin contractile elements Lack T-tubule system Involuntary Central nuclei
What occurs in smooth muscle because it is involuntary?
Autonomic control (Epi, NE, AcH)
What kind of contractions occur in smooth muscle?
Sustained
Where is smooth muscle located?
GI
Bronchioles
Vessels
Repro
What does nerve tissue do?
Communication
Information gathering
Integration
Control
Describe nerve tissue
Excitable
Neuroectodermal origin
What makes nerve tissue similar to muscle?
It is a tissue and a cell
What makes up nerve tissue?
Neurons (cells) and support tissue
What are the layers of nerve tissue?
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain
Spinal cord
What makes up the brain?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Cranial and spinal nerves
Ganglion
What are the different functions of neurons?
Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)
Interneurons (most)
What makes up neurons and supporting cells? (Look at diagram and identify)
Schwann cells Satellite cells Glial cells Cell body Dendrites Axon Synaptic junction
What are the different types of neurons?
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar (pseudounipolar)
What does the somatic system control?
Sensory/motor
What does the autonomic system contain?
Visceral, sympathetic, and parasympathetic
What does the autonomic system control?
Smooth muscle
Cardiac stimulation
Glandular epithelium
What is within a nerve cell body?
Nucleus/nucleolus RER Nissl bodies Mitochondria Golgi
Look at pictures of nerve cell bodies
Look at pictures of nerve cell bodies
What are dendrites?
Receptors
What do dendrites receive information from?
Environment
Other neurons
What are axons?
Effectors
Where do axons send information to?
Other neurons
Effector structures
Where are neurotransmitters formed?
In every nerve cell body
What are neurotransmitters carried by?
Kinesin (anterograde)
Dynein (retrograde)
Where does kinesin carry neurotransmitters?
Away from nerve cell body
Where does dynein carry neurotransmitters?
Towards nerve cell body
What is a synapse?
Junction neuron and effector
Wha are the 2 categories of synapses?
Chemical or electrical
What are examples of synapses?
Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Dopamine Serotonin GABA
What do synapses do?
Degradation or up-take
