Exam 1 – Lecture 2: The Cell Flashcards
What are the 10 organ systems?
Cardiovascular Respiratory Gastro-intestinal Urinary Reproductive Nervous Endocrine Hemopoeitic Skin Musculoskeletal
What does fixation do?
Stops decomposition/autolysis
How is most fixation done?
Using formaldehyde
How does formaldehyde in fixation work?
It cross links proteins so that they stop working
What happens in processing?
The computer adds different levels of alcohol to remove water and xylene which removes fat from tissues for 24 hours
What will remain after processing?
Protein
Nucleic acid
Mineral
What happens in sectioning?
The tissue is embedded in paraffin and a cassette is placed on top of that
What is the stain that is often used?
H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin
What color does hematoxylin stain?
Blue
What does hematoxylin stain?
Nucleus, nucleic acid, and mineral
What color does eosin stain?
Pink
What does eosin stain?
Cytoplasm and protein
What does PAS stain?
Stains CH2Os a bright pink color
What color does GMS stain?
Green
What are you looking for when using GMS?
Fungi, some bacteria, and some protozoan
What would you not want to do to a tissue when looking for lipids?
Process it
What stain would you use when looking for lipids?
Oil Red O
What are the 4 tissue types in an animal?
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nerve
How much of the body’s surfaces does epithelium cover?
99%
What is the cell?
Basic structural and functional unit of all multicellular organisms
What does the cell membrane do?
Separates protoplasm from environment
Do mature erythrocytes have a nucleus?
No
What do cells derive from?
Pre-existant cells
What does most cells have?
Nucleus and cytoplasm
What is the role of cell based upon?
Component parts
What are the 3 different types of cells?
Permanent
Labile
Stable
What is a permanent cell?
A cell that lives until it dies. You will never get more
What is a labile cell?
Cells that constantly turn over (GI lining, epidermis, WBCs)
What are stable cells?
Cells that are fairly long lived
What are discrete cells?
Cells that live an individual life (blood cells)
What percentage of body mass is water?
60%
How much if the total water in the body is intracellular?
2/3
Where is the remaining 1/3 of water?
Blood vascular space
Interstitial space
What percentage of lipids are fat cells?
80-90%
What is a tissue?
A group of biological cells that perform a similar function
What do tissues generally compose?
An organ
What is histology?
Light microscopic anatomy
The study of tissues
What is ultrastructure?
Electron microscopic anatomy
