Exam 1 – Lecture 2: The Cell

Question 1

What are the 10 organ systems?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Gastro-intestinal
Urinary
Reproductive
Nervous
Endocrine
Hemopoeitic
Skin
Musculoskeletal

Question 2

What does fixation do?

Answer 2

Stops decomposition/autolysis

Question 3

How is most fixation done?

Answer 3

Using formaldehyde

Question 4

How does formaldehyde in fixation work?

Answer 4

It cross links proteins so that they stop working

Question 5

What happens in processing?

Answer 5

The computer adds different levels of alcohol to remove water and xylene which removes fat from tissues for 24 hours

Question 6

What will remain after processing?

Answer 6

Protein
Nucleic acid
Mineral

Question 7

What happens in sectioning?

Answer 7

The tissue is embedded in paraffin and a cassette is placed on top of that

Question 8

What is the stain that is often used?

Answer 8

H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin

Question 9

What color does hematoxylin stain?

Answer 9

Blue

Question 10

What does hematoxylin stain?

Answer 10

Nucleus, nucleic acid, and mineral

Question 11

What color does eosin stain?

Answer 11

Pink

Question 12

What does eosin stain?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm and protein

Question 13

What does PAS stain?

Answer 13

Stains CH2Os a bright pink color

Question 14

What color does GMS stain?

Answer 14

Green

Question 15

What are you looking for when using GMS?

Answer 15

Fungi, some bacteria, and some protozoan

Question 16

What would you not want to do to a tissue when looking for lipids?

Answer 16

Process it

Question 17

What stain would you use when looking for lipids?

Answer 17

Oil Red O

Question 18

What are the 4 tissue types in an animal?

Answer 18

Epithelium
Connective tissue
Muscle
Nerve

Question 19

How much of the body’s surfaces does epithelium cover?

Answer 19

99%

Question 20

What is the cell?

Answer 20

Basic structural and functional unit of all multicellular organisms

Question 21

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 21

Separates protoplasm from environment

Question 22

Do mature erythrocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What do cells derive from?

Answer 23

Pre-existant cells

Question 24

What does most cells have?

Answer 24

Nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 25

What is the role of cell based upon?

Answer 25

Component parts

Question 26

What are the 3 different types of cells?

Answer 26

Permanent
Labile
Stable

Question 27

What is a permanent cell?

Answer 27

A cell that lives until it dies. You will never get more

Question 28

What is a labile cell?

Answer 28

Cells that constantly turn over (GI lining, epidermis, WBCs)

Question 29

What are stable cells?

Answer 29

Cells that are fairly long lived

Question 30

What are discrete cells?

Answer 30

Cells that live an individual life (blood cells)

Question 31

What percentage of body mass is water?

Answer 31

60%

Question 32

How much if the total water in the body is intracellular?

Answer 32

2/3

Question 33

Where is the remaining 1/3 of water?

Answer 33

Blood vascular space

Interstitial space

Question 34

What percentage of lipids are fat cells?

Answer 34

80-90%

Question 35

What is a tissue?

Answer 35

A group of biological cells that perform a similar function

Question 36

What do tissues generally compose?

Answer 36

An organ

Question 37

What is histology?

Answer 37

Light microscopic anatomy

The study of tissues

Question 38

What is ultrastructure?

Answer 38

Electron microscopic anatomy