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Human Structure and Function I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

chapter 10

1
Q

muscle pull never

A

push

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2
Q

do muscles lengthen

A

no they shorten with contraction

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3
Q

muscle anchors to bone=

A

at least 2 points of attachment

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4
Q

fixed end, usually most stationary/ proximal end of muscle

A

origin

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5
Q

more movable end, usually distal end of muscle

A

insertion

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6
Q

with contraction muscles shorten, insertion end moves towards

A

origin end

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7
Q

can action be counteracted by another group and is so what

A

typically on opposite portion of limb or trunk

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8
Q

muscles fall into different categories depending on movement of the

A

movement

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9
Q

prime movers, major force for movement. flexion action

A

agonists

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10
Q

example of an agonist

A

biceps brachii

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11
Q

oppose movement, counteracts agonist. extension. prevent hyperextension

A

antogonist

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12
Q

example of antagonists

A

triceps brachi

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13
Q

aid agonists in promoting same movement. reducing undesireable/ unnessary movements

A

syngergists

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14
Q

two examples of synergists

A

brachialis and brachioradialis

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15
Q

helps maintain upright posture, stabilizers. stabilizes origin area while insertion is moving

A

fixator muscles

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16
Q

Fascicles in circle around opening, Act as Sphincters to close

A

circular

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17
Q

example of circular muscle shape

A

orbicularis oculi

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18
Q

Fascicles converge, Wide area - Common tendon. Triangular shape.

A

convergent

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19
Q

example of convergent muscle shape

A

pectoralis major

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20
Q

fasiciles feathered to long axis. largest ROM

A

parallel

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21
Q

example of parallel muscle shape

A

rectus abdominus

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22
Q

fasicicles feathered from common tendon

A

pennate

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23
Q

3 classes of pennate

A

uni and multipennate, bipennate

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24
Q

1 side of tendon (semimembraneous)

A

unipennate

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25
Q

2 sides (rectus femoris)

A

bipennate

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26
Q

multiple directions around central tendon (deltoid)

A

multipennate

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27
Q

fascicles run length of muscle, wide belly with tapered ends

A

fusiform

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28
Q

example of fusiform muscle shape

A

biceps brachii

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29
Q

Rigid bar that moves on fixed point (Fulcrum) when a Force (Effort) is applied to it
Used to move a Resistance or LOAD. Moves xs weight OR Moves it Farther, Faster.

A

lever

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30
Q

fulcrum is the

A

joint

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31
Q

bones=

A

lever

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32
Q

effort/ force/ pull=

A

muscle contraction

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33
Q

bones and associated structure

A

load

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34
Q

mechanical advantage lever

A

e-f-l
slower but more stable
strength is priority

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35
Q

mechanical disadvantage lever

A

f-e-l
more common in the bidy

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36
Q

what movers large load over small distance
and
has small amount of effort

A

mechanical advantage lever

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37
Q

what acts as a power lever
ex jack for car

A

mechanical advantage lever

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38
Q

moved load quickly over large distance
great amount of effort

A

mechanical disadvantage lever

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39
Q

what acts as a speed lever
ex shovel, throw a baseball

A

mechanical disadvantage lever

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40
Q

3 lever classes

A

1st, 2nd, 3rd

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41
Q

1st class order

A

L-F-E

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42
Q

advantage of first class lever

A

strength

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43
Q

2nd class lever order

A

F-L-E

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44
Q

advantage of 2nd class lever

A

strength

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45
Q

3rd class lever order

A

F-E-L

46
Q

advantage of 3rd lever class

A

speed, distance

47
Q

what lever is uncommon in the body

A

2nd

48
Q

example of first class lever movement

A

atlantooccipital joint (lift head)

49
Q

example of second class lever movement

A

wheelbarrow, crowbar, stand on toes, open mandible, pushups

50
Q

3rd class lever movements

A

shovel, tweezers, forceps, biceps flexion

51
Q

most common lever class

A

3rd class

52
Q

muscles for facial expression

A

epicranius
corrugator supercilli
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
depressor anguli oris
buccinator
platysma

53
Q

what muscle raises eye brows and wrinkle forehead

A

epicranius

54
Q

what muscle puts eyebrows together and down

A

corrugator supercilli

55
Q

what muscle blinnk and wink

A

oculi

56
Q

what muscle kiss and purse lips

A

oris

57
Q

smiling muscle

A

zygomaticus

58
Q

frown muscle

A

depressor anguli oris

59
Q

what muscle compress cheek and whistle

A

buccinator

60
Q

what muscle shows horror, shaving, tenses neck

A

platysma

61
Q

what muscle is used for closing the jaw

A

masseter/ temporalis

62
Q

what muscle is used for compressing the cheek and chewing food

A

buccinator

63
Q

all innervated by cranial nerve XII is the

A

tongue

64
Q

name the glossus muscles

A

genioglossus, styloglossus, and hypoglossus

65
Q

what muscle helps stick tongue our

A

genioglossus

66
Q

what muscle is used for retraction and elevate the tongue

A

styloglossus

67
Q

what muscle is used for depressing the tongue

A

hypoglossus

68
Q

all innervated by cranial nerve V

A

mastication

69
Q

what muscle is used for flexing and rotating the head and is innervated by CN XI

A

sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

what muscle os used as a prime mover of back extension (ioliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

A

erector spinae

71
Q

what muscle is used for flex vertebral column laterally

A

quadratus lumborum

72
Q

what muscles are used in breathing

A

diaphragm, external intercostals, interal intercostals

73
Q

what muscle is used for inspiration

A

diaphragm

74
Q

what muscle is used for synergist in inspiration

A

external intercostals

75
Q

what muscle is used for forced expiration

A

internal intercostals

76
Q

what are muscles in abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominus, external olbique, internak oblique, transverse abdominus

77
Q

what do muscles in abdominal wall do

A

protect/ support abdominal viscera
compresses contents. crunches
lateral flexion, flex vertebrae
innervated by intercostal nerve

78
Q

muscles of the pelvic floor

A

pelvic diaphragm
urogenital diaphragm

79
Q

what nerve is innervated through the muscles of the pelvic floor

A

pudendal

80
Q

what muscles are part of the pelvic diaphargm

A

levevator ani and coccygeus

81
Q

what does the pelvic diaphragm do

A

support pelvic viscera

82
Q

the pelvic diaphragm is pierced by

A

rectus, vagina, urethra

83
Q

what muscle is part of the urogenital diaphargm

A

external urethral sphincter

84
Q

what does the external urethral spincter do

A

control urination

85
Q

muscles of thorax that moves scapula

A

serratus anterior
trapezius

86
Q

boxers muscle

A

serratus anterior

87
Q

shrug shoulders

A

trapezius

88
Q

muscles that move the humerus

A

pectoralis major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi

89
Q

arm adduct

A

pectoralis major

90
Q

antagonist, arm abduct

A

deltoid

91
Q

arm adduct, swimming, rowing

A

latissimus dorsi

92
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

93
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

A

stabilize shoulder joint
and prevent shoulder dislocation

94
Q

muscle under scapula

A

supraspinatus

95
Q

posterior muscles in rotator cuff

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

96
Q

below the spine muscle in rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis

97
Q

forearm movers

A

forearm flexor
forearm extensor
supination
pronation

98
Q

forearm flexors

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis

99
Q

forearm extensors

A

triceps brachii

100
Q

supination

A

supinator

101
Q

pronation

A

pronator

102
Q

synergists in forearm flexors

A

brachialis
brachioradialis

103
Q

thigh flexors include

A

ioliopsoas
sartorius
adductors
tensor fascia latae
quadriceps femoris

104
Q

muscles part of the quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
intermedius
medialis

105
Q

thigh extensors

A

gluteus maximus
hamstrings

106
Q

muscles in hamstrings

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

107
Q

dorsiflexion muscles include

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum

108
Q

tibialis anterior

A

walking on toes pointing

109
Q

muscles that aid in dorsiflexion

A

extensor digitorum longus

110
Q

muscles in plantar flexion

A

peroneus longus/ brevis
triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus)

Human Structure and Function I (24 decks)

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