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Human Structure and Function I > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

Skeletal System: Bones

1
Q

what are four components for the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

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2
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

framework for the body
protection
allow movement
store minerals in bone
stores adipose in bone cavity
red bone marrow- hematopoiesis

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3
Q

what do tendons attach

A

muscle to bones

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4
Q

what do ligaments hold

A

bone together

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5
Q

what are the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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6
Q

what cartilage is from embryonic skeleton and makes bone

it is often at the end of bones to help with glide vs friction

has a glassy background and collagen

A

hyaline

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7
Q

what type of cartilage has elastin, is flexible usually in external ear and epiglottis

A

elastic

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8
Q

what cartilage has collagen fibers and is strong

usually found in pubic symphysis, knee meniscus, and in intervertebral discs

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

what are two ways for cartilage growth

A

appositional and interstitial

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10
Q

name for cartilage forming cells that secrete new matrix against external face of existing cartilage

A

appositional

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11
Q

chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix and expand cartilage from within

A

interstitial

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12
Q

reinforced concrete is called

A

bone matrix

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13
Q

flexible strength is

A

collagen

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14
Q

if collagen is lose than it is

A

brittle

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15
Q

name bone cells

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

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16
Q

ossification bone types are

A

woven and lamellar bone

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17
Q

final bone types are

A

compact and spongy

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18
Q

what bone cell build matrix

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

what lays down new bone on surface (appositional)

A

osteoblasts

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20
Q

what maintains matrix, 90-95% bone cells and arise from osteoblasts

A

osteocytes

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21
Q

what bone cell live long and up to 25 year

A

osteocytes

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22
Q

what bone cell is found in lacunae and communicate via canaliculi

A

osteocyte

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23
Q

what bone cell breakdown matrix (reabsorption)

A

osteoclasts

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24
Q

what brings calcium into the blood and arise in the red bone marrow

A

osteoclasts

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25
Q

where does ossification occur

A

as fetus, when we grow, and when we repair fracture

26
Q

what is formed first by osteoblasts and are weak due to random placement of collagen

A

woven bones

27
Q

woven is broken down by

A

osteoclasts

28
Q

what is formed by osteoblasts to build stronger, more permanent bone

A

lamellar bone

29
Q

what is arranged in concentric sheets/layers= lamellae

have a parallel arrangement= strong

A

lamellar bone

30
Q

what appears porous, with more space

consists of trabeculae= interconnected rods

thin, found along mechanical stress lines

A

spongy bone

31
Q

what has more bone matrix
dense, solid outer layer
osteon/haversian system=unit
concentric rings of lamellae

A

compact bone

32
Q

main shaft of a long bone is called

A

diaphysis

33
Q

what is composed of compact bone, medullary cavity in center

A

long bone

34
Q

what is the ends, mostly spongy bone of a long bone called

A

epiphysis

35
Q

what is covered in articular cartilage on a long bone

A

epiphysis

36
Q

what growth is complete what is it called

A

epiphyseal line

37
Q

red rise to blood cells in epiphyses

A

bone marrow

38
Q

layers of a long bone

A

periosteum, endosteum, sharpey’s fiber

39
Q

outer surface, dense irregulat ct

A

periosteum

40
Q

inner surface, bone cells

A

endosteum

41
Q

attachment, strengthen area for ligament/ tendon

A

sharpey’s fibers

42
Q

other bone types include

A

flat, short and irregular

43
Q

spongy bone sandwhich is

A

flat

44
Q

no diaphysis, small growth plates

A

short and irregular

45
Q

fetal ossification all derive from

A

mesenchymal ct

46
Q

fetal ossification

A

intramembraneous and endochondral

47
Q
A
48
Q

what fetal ossification is at embryo at 8 weeks to 2y/o

A

intramembraneous

48
Q

what fetal ossification is in embryonic CT (fibrous) and flat (cranium)

A

intramembraneous

49
Q

hyaline cartilage and long is what fetal ossification

A

endochondral

49
Q

whats at the base of skull, mandible area, clavicle epiphyses, rest of skeleton

A

endochondral

50
Q

what fetal ossification is found in embryo at 8 weeks in some are and other areas start at 18-20 y/0

A

endochondral

50
Q

3 steps for intramembraneous ossification

A
  1. osteoblast formation
  2. spongy bone formation
  3. compact bone formation
51
Q

where does intramembraneous ossification begin

A

ossification centers

52
Q

what is covered by membrane, bone fuse to cover. allows brain growth and complete about 22 months. anterior is largest

A

fontanels

53
Q

in ossification centers what is the oldest and whats the youngest

A

center and edges

54
Q

Mesenchymal cells- Osteochondral Progenitor Cells- Osteoblasts (Lay down Bone Matrix) & Become Osteocytes.
Trabeculae of Woven Bone develop.

A

osteoblast formation

55
Q

Osteoblasts present on Trabeculae Surface, Cause it to become Larger and Longer.
Trabeculae join together to form Spongy Bone

A

spongy bone formation

56
Q

Red bone marrow forms, as does Periosteum. Osteoblasts from Periosteum lay down bone matrix to form
Compact Bone.
Creates Bone with Outer compact bone & Spongy in Center. Spongy Sandwich.

A

compact bone formation

57
Q

endochondral ossification

A
  1. cartilage model formation
  2. bone collar formation
  3. primary ossification center
  4. secondary ossification center
  5. adult bone
58
Q

Mesenchymal cells  Osteochondral Progenitor Cells  Chondroblasts  Chodrocytes
Hyaline Cartilage Model.

A

cartilage model formation

59
Q
A

Human Structure and Function I (26 decks)

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