Exam 1 Flashcards
Chapters 1-5
the study of body parts is
anatomy
what is the definition of physiology
study of function/ activity of nature/ living matter
what is the complementarity of structure and function
how something is designed is related to how it will function or work
name all subdivisions of anatomy
developmental, embryology, gross- macro- systemic, regional, surface, micro- cytology, and histology
systemic approach is
systemic anatomy
studying all structures in certain region is
regional anatomy
study skin to examine internal structures is
surface anatomy
structural changes in utero- usually the first 8 weeks is
embryology
structural changes that occur from conception to adulthood (life span)
developmental anatomy
hierarchy of anatomy
- chemical
- cellular
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
11 organ systems
- integumentary
- muscular
- skeletal
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive
maintenance of internal environment, usually kept constant
homeostasis
negative feedback
see saw, stop response when response causes variable to return to set point
example of neg feedback
body temp
positive feedback
continued response beyond set point until original stimulus is removed
examples of pos feedback
blood clotting and birth of baby
what is orthostatic hypotension
drop in BP with sudden rising
S&S of orthostatic hypotension
dizzy, fainted, fell
what is abnormal in orthostatic hypotension
blood pools in veins below heart due to gravity
less blood to heart to pump
BP drops
why does orthostatic hypotension occur
old (decreased neural and CV response)
ill (decreased intake, sweat w/ fever, dehydration)
how do you treat orthostatic hypotension
replace fluids and slow to rise
structures lie on the same side
ipsilateral
structures lie on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
what serous membrane covers the organ
visceral
dorsal cavity houses
brain and spinal cord (cranial and vertebral)
the ventral cavity houses
thoracic and abdominopelvic
- lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, ureter, gonads
basic structural and functional unit of life
cell
what organic molecule regulate glucose
carbohydrates
what organic molecule regulate physiological processes
lipids
what org molecule help muscles contract
proteins
what org mol. spares protein and fat for use of energy
carb
fluid shift for exercise
plasma to IF
fluid shift stop exercise
if to plasma
when infection occurs and there is no fluid so the membrane rub and causes pain is called
inflammation
factors that speed up reactions
enzymes act as catalysts, lowering activation energy, and high temperature
what separates internal and external environment, outer boundary area of connection to other cells. facilitates communication
plasma membrane
what layer is thin skin missing
lucidum
merkel cells and melanocytes are in this layer
stratum basale
melanin removes what
free radicals
melanin boosts
antioxidants