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Human Structure and Function I > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Cell Biology

1
Q

what are basic structural and functional unit of life

A

cells

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2
Q

what separates internal and external environment and is an outer boundary

A

plasma membrane

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3
Q

what is an area of connection to other cells and facilitates communication

A

plasma membrane

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4
Q

nucleus is

A

typically in the center of the cell and control cellular activity

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5
Q

what is an area between PM and nucleus, and contains organelles that person specific roles

A

the cytoplasm

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6
Q

the phospholipid bilayer contains

A

cholesterol

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7
Q

the phospholipid bilayer has what attached and embedded

A

proteins

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8
Q

polar heads are

A

hydrophilic

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9
Q

nonpolar tails are

A

hydrophobic

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10
Q

do molecules need help to pass through this membrane

A

yes

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11
Q

what is diffusion possible with

A

gases, steroids, and H2O

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12
Q

large and polar molecules need

A

channel or transporters

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13
Q

what does selectively permeable mean

A

allows some things through and not others

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14
Q

what are two types of membrane proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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15
Q

what is deep in the lipid bilayer

A

integral

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16
Q

example of an integral protein is a

A

transmembrane protein

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17
Q

integral proteins act as

A

transporters

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18
Q

what channels are specialized transporters that help ions travel through

A

ion channels

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19
Q

what attaches to inner and outer surface of lipid bilayer

A

peripheral

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20
Q

are peripheral proteins apart of the membrane

A

no

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21
Q

what is an example of peripheral proteins

A

glycoprotein

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22
Q

passive transport

A

no input of energy

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23
Q

active transport

A

requires input of energy

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24
Q

vesicular transport

A

use vesicles to move things into and out of cell and requires the input of energy

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25
Q

what kind of diffusion is simple diffusion

A

passive

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26
Q

what moves from high to low concentration

A

simple diffusion

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27
Q

what releases energy but energy input is not required

A

simple diffusion

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28
Q

what is an example of simple diffusion in the body

A

O2 and CO2 diffusiing across alveoli in the lung

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29
Q

what type of diffusion goes down the concentration gradient

A

osmosis

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30
Q

flux of water in osmosis means

A

equal concentration on both sides

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31
Q

hypotonic means having a lower or higher concentration

A

lower

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32
Q

isotonic solution means

A

equal concentration inside and outside the cell

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33
Q

hypertonic solution means

A

having a high solute concentration

34
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

carrier proteins move molecules down concentration gradient high to low

35
Q

is energy released of kept in facilitated diffusion

A

released

36
Q

example of facilitated diffusion

A

glucose transport insulin mediated

37
Q

3 examples of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

38
Q

what is active transport

A

it needs input of energy and is ATP driven. it moves molecules up concentration gradient. move low to high

39
Q

what acts like a pump in active transport

A

transport protein carrier

40
Q

what are liquid particles taken in via invagination which is cell drinking

A

pinocytosis

41
Q

what are divisions of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

42
Q

what binds to receptors and uses vesicles to bring multiple particles in. bulk. required the input of energy

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

43
Q

what is solid particles taken in cell eating

A

phagocytosis

44
Q

vesicular transport includes

A

endo and exocytosis

45
Q

exocytosis does what

A

moves molecules out of the cell

46
Q

secretory vesicles fusing with the PM and release contents and requires energy is an example of

A

exocytosis

47
Q

what is seen with neurotransmitter release, hormone release from endocrine and exocrine glands

A

exocytosis

48
Q

liquid content inside the cell in which organelles float within this are

A

cytoplasm

49
Q

the cytoplasm consists of

A

water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids

50
Q

what removes waste products and aids in cellular respiration and holds shape of cell

A

cytoplasms

51
Q

what provides structural support and generates movement

A

cytoskeleton

52
Q

what have tubulin, intracellular movement (centrosome), cell division, flagella, and cilia

A

microtubules

53
Q

what has actin and helps with movement and support

A

microfilaments

54
Q

what helps with strength

A

intermediate filaments

55
Q

what is surrounded by nuclear envelope, with nuclear pores that allows molecules to go from nucleus to cytoplasm and contains DNA

A

nucleus

56
Q

what is the site of protein synthesis and found on rough er

A

ribosomes

57
Q

what is close to the nucleus and there are two types

A

endoplasmic reticulum

58
Q

RER is studded with

A

ribosomes

59
Q

what helps with protein synthesis

A

rer

60
Q

what has steroid hormone synthesis and cell detox

A

ser

61
Q

what is the site or protein synthesis, flattened sacs, and packages proteins and acts as a distribution center

A

golgi apparatus

62
Q

what is the power house of the cell and provides ATP and has cristae infolding

A

mitochondria

63
Q

what pinches off golgi to cell membrane and exocytosis occurs

A

secretory vesicles

64
Q

what are suicide sacs and contain hydrolytic enzymes and digest phagocytized material and also digest dysfunctional organlles

A

lysosomes

65
Q

what contains enzymes that breakdown Fas and AAs and are often found in liver and kidney cells

A

peroxisomes

66
Q

what are hair seen on surface of cells that are capable of movement

A

cilia

67
Q

what are long projection, seen on sperm cells and allow movement for fertilization

A

flagella

68
Q

what is a projection on apical surface

A

microvilli

69
Q

what increases surface area

A

microvilli

70
Q

what is found on respiratory tract and female reproductive tract

A

cilia

71
Q

what is seen in the intestine, kidney, and absorption areas

A

microvilli

72
Q

what is fluid in the cytoplasm

A

intracellular fluid

73
Q

whats the largest fluid compartment

A

intracellular fluid

74
Q

what is 2/3 of our body

A

ICF

75
Q

what is fluid outside of the cells

A

extracellular fluid

76
Q

what percentage of ecf is IF

A

80

77
Q

what percentage of ecf makes up the plasma membrane

A

20

78
Q

what is important to regulate your body

A

fluid shifts

79
Q

during exercise how does the fluid shift

A

plasma to if

80
Q

when you stop exercising the fluid shifts fro,

A

if to plasma

Human Structure and Function I (10 decks)

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