Chapter 3 Flashcards
Cell Biology
what are basic structural and functional unit of life
cells
what separates internal and external environment and is an outer boundary
plasma membrane
what is an area of connection to other cells and facilitates communication
plasma membrane
nucleus is
typically in the center of the cell and control cellular activity
what is an area between PM and nucleus, and contains organelles that person specific roles
the cytoplasm
the phospholipid bilayer contains
cholesterol
the phospholipid bilayer has what attached and embedded
proteins
polar heads are
hydrophilic
nonpolar tails are
hydrophobic
do molecules need help to pass through this membrane
yes
what is diffusion possible with
gases, steroids, and H2O
large and polar molecules need
channel or transporters
what does selectively permeable mean
allows some things through and not others
what are two types of membrane proteins
integral and peripheral
what is deep in the lipid bilayer
integral
example of an integral protein is a
transmembrane protein
integral proteins act as
transporters
what channels are specialized transporters that help ions travel through
ion channels
what attaches to inner and outer surface of lipid bilayer
peripheral
are peripheral proteins apart of the membrane
no
what is an example of peripheral proteins
glycoprotein
passive transport
no input of energy
active transport
requires input of energy
vesicular transport
use vesicles to move things into and out of cell and requires the input of energy
what kind of diffusion is simple diffusion
passive
what moves from high to low concentration
simple diffusion
what releases energy but energy input is not required
simple diffusion
what is an example of simple diffusion in the body
O2 and CO2 diffusiing across alveoli in the lung
what type of diffusion goes down the concentration gradient
osmosis
flux of water in osmosis means
equal concentration on both sides
hypotonic means having a lower or higher concentration
lower
isotonic solution means
equal concentration inside and outside the cell
hypertonic solution means
having a high solute concentration
what is facilitated diffusion
carrier proteins move molecules down concentration gradient high to low
is energy released of kept in facilitated diffusion
released
example of facilitated diffusion
glucose transport insulin mediated
3 examples of passive transport
simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
what is active transport
it needs input of energy and is ATP driven. it moves molecules up concentration gradient. move low to high
what acts like a pump in active transport
transport protein carrier
what are liquid particles taken in via invagination which is cell drinking
pinocytosis
what are divisions of endocytosis
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
what binds to receptors and uses vesicles to bring multiple particles in. bulk. required the input of energy
receptor-mediated endocytosis
what is solid particles taken in cell eating
phagocytosis
vesicular transport includes
endo and exocytosis
exocytosis does what
moves molecules out of the cell
secretory vesicles fusing with the PM and release contents and requires energy is an example of
exocytosis
what is seen with neurotransmitter release, hormone release from endocrine and exocrine glands
exocytosis
liquid content inside the cell in which organelles float within this are
cytoplasm
the cytoplasm consists of
water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids
what removes waste products and aids in cellular respiration and holds shape of cell
cytoplasms
what provides structural support and generates movement
cytoskeleton
what have tubulin, intracellular movement (centrosome), cell division, flagella, and cilia
microtubules
what has actin and helps with movement and support
microfilaments
what helps with strength
intermediate filaments
what is surrounded by nuclear envelope, with nuclear pores that allows molecules to go from nucleus to cytoplasm and contains DNA
nucleus
what is the site of protein synthesis and found on rough er
ribosomes
what is close to the nucleus and there are two types
endoplasmic reticulum
RER is studded with
ribosomes
what helps with protein synthesis
rer
what has steroid hormone synthesis and cell detox
ser
what is the site or protein synthesis, flattened sacs, and packages proteins and acts as a distribution center
golgi apparatus
what is the power house of the cell and provides ATP and has cristae infolding
mitochondria
what pinches off golgi to cell membrane and exocytosis occurs
secretory vesicles
what are suicide sacs and contain hydrolytic enzymes and digest phagocytized material and also digest dysfunctional organlles
lysosomes
what contains enzymes that breakdown Fas and AAs and are often found in liver and kidney cells
peroxisomes
what are hair seen on surface of cells that are capable of movement
cilia
what are long projection, seen on sperm cells and allow movement for fertilization
flagella
what is a projection on apical surface
microvilli
what increases surface area
microvilli
what is found on respiratory tract and female reproductive tract
cilia
what is seen in the intestine, kidney, and absorption areas
microvilli
what is fluid in the cytoplasm
intracellular fluid
whats the largest fluid compartment
intracellular fluid
what is 2/3 of our body
ICF
what is fluid outside of the cells
extracellular fluid
what percentage of ecf is IF
80
what percentage of ecf makes up the plasma membrane
20
what is important to regulate your body
fluid shifts
during exercise how does the fluid shift
plasma to if
when you stop exercising the fluid shifts fro,
if to plasma
