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Human Structure and Function I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Chapter 8

1
Q

areas where 2 or more joints meet

A

joint

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2
Q

2 functions of joints and articulations

A

skeletal mobility and hold skeleton together

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3
Q

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

A

structural

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4
Q

synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, diarthrotic

A

functional

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5
Q

largest, most complex joint in body

A

knee joint

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6
Q

what joint puts the patella and lower femur together

A

femoropatellar joint

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7
Q

lateral and medial joints= formoral condyles and menisci

A

tibiofemoral

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8
Q

3 broad ligaments in the knee anchor

A

patella to tibia

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9
Q

patellar ligament to

A

tibial tuberosity

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10
Q

medial and lateral patellar retinacula keep

A

patella centered

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11
Q

what is a modified hinge joint

A

knee joint

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12
Q

the knee join is prefominantly supproted by

A

soft tissues with minimal strucutural support

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13
Q

joint reinforcement by 4 ligaments are

A

extracapsular and intracapsular

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14
Q

collateral

A

extracapsular

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15
Q

cruciate

A

intracapsular

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16
Q

connects tibia to femur on medial knee attached to medial meniscus

A

medial collateral ligament

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17
Q

connects fibula to femur on lateral knee

A

lateral collateral ligament

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18
Q

connects anterior tibia to posterior femur

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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19
Q

connects posterior tibia to mid femur

A

posterior cruciate ligament

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20
Q

unable to prevent forward movement of tibia on femur

A

acl check= drawer sign

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21
Q

click sound when extend leg. severe damage= torn caritlage can between be between articulating tibia and femur surfaces and knee locks in partial flexion

A

torn meniscus

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22
Q

knee anterior movement/ hyperextended

A

acl tear

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23
Q

knee posterior movement

A

pcl tear

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24
Q

how to fix knee injury

A

surgery with cadaver or artificial ligament

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25
Q

lateral force. knee bends in, tearing opposite side of joint. acl, mcl, medial meniscus

A

unhappy triad

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26
Q

flattened sacs, lined by synovial membrane, prevents friction

A

bursa

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27
Q

fibrocartialge, separates articulating bone surfaces, subdivides synovial cavity

A

meniscus

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28
Q

elongated bursa, crowded tendons. wraps around tendon, prevents xs friction

A

tendon sheath

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29
Q

unite bones and direct movement. prevent xs movement

A

ligaments

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30
Q

keeps tendons taut and stabilizes. low contractile activity in relaxed muscles

A

muscle tone

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31
Q

torn or stretched Ligaments that reinforce joint (Ankle), Pain & Swelling
Partial tear self repair. Slow to heal, due to Poor Vascularization.

A

sprain

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32
Q

Pulled Muscle. Injury to Muscle / Tendon via Stretch or Overexertion.

A

strain

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33
Q

Joint out of Socket, Inflammation. Need to Reduce. Splint or Cast.

A

dislocation

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34
Q

Inflammation of Bursa. Due to Overuse or Injury.

A

bursitis

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35
Q

Inflammation of Tendon Sheaths. Due to Overuse

A

tendonitis

36
Q

treatment for joint disorders

A

RICE = Rest Ice Compression Elevation
Pain Relievers, Physical Therapy, Stretch.

37
Q

what is the most widespread crippling disease in US

A

arthritis

38
Q

due to bacteria infection, treat antibiotics

A

acute form

39
Q

OA, RA, gout

A

chronic forms

40
Q

most common chronic type of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

41
Q

risk factors for osteoarthritis

A

obesity and genetic

42
Q

in osteoarthritis non-inflammation, pain and swelling of

A

soft tissues at joint

43
Q

in osteoarthritis there is a gradual breakdown of

A

articular cartilage, and is irreversible

44
Q

bone spurs is

A

osteophytes

45
Q

treatment for osteoarthritis

A

medications to decrease swelling and pain
PT
surgery to fuse bones
prosthetic joint replacement

46
Q

2nd most common type og arthritis

A

rheumatoid

47
Q

for rheumatoid arthritis is more common in male or female

A

3x more common in females

48
Q

what does rheumatoid arthritis affect

A

skin, vessels, lungs, joints, anemia, osteoporosis, CV issues, muscles weak

49
Q

risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis

A

genetic predisposition

50
Q

transient infection/ autoimmune disease targeting collagen

A

idiopathic etiology

51
Q

rheumatoid arthritis is proliferation of

A

synovial fluid and CT cells, which thickens joint capsule and destroys articular cartilage

52
Q

uric acid is

A

normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism

53
Q

urate crystals form large nodules in joints, bone, cartilage

A

tophi

54
Q

untreated gout results in

A

joint destruction, bone ends fuse and immobility

55
Q

treatment for gout

A

antiinflammatory meds: cochicine, steroids
allopurinol
probenecid

56
Q

prevention of gout

A

increased water consumption
lose weight
exercise
avoid diuretics and alc
avoid high purine containing nucleic acid foods

57
Q

immovable end of bone

A

origin

58
Q

movable end

A

insertion

59
Q

as muscles contract across joint and ends are drawn closer together

A

movement

60
Q

3 types of synovial movement

A
  1. gliding
  2. angular
  3. circular
61
Q

simplest, in plane joints, such as carpal bones, slide or glide

A

gliding

62
Q

Change in Angles between Bones at Joint.
Increase or Decrease angle.
Trunk/Limb bends in relation to another Body Part

A

angular

63
Q

Rotation around Axis in Circular Pattern

A

circular

64
Q

Not fit into other Categories

A

special movements

65
Q

Named for Individual Movements.

A

combination movements

66
Q

Decrease in joint angle, Bones closer together.

A

flexion

67
Q

More than 180 degrees. Can be normal or not.

A

hyperextension

68
Q

Increase in joint angle, Bones straighten.

A

extension

69
Q

Point toes, Ballerina

A

plantar flexion

70
Q

Walk on Heels

A

dorsiflexion

71
Q

Movement away from Midline

A

abduction

72
Q

Movement toward Midline

A

adduction

73
Q

Rotates on Long Axis

A

rotation

74
Q

Combination, Flex, extend, Ab & Adduction. Freely movable.
Movement in Arc. Cone shape, Big circles.

A

circumduction

75
Q

Forearm rotation. Prone – facedown, Palm down Ulna & Radius cross..

A

pronation

76
Q

Forearm rotation. Supine – faceup, Palm up. Ulna & Radius parallel.

A

supination

77
Q

Raise superiorly

A

elevation

78
Q

Drop inferiorly

A

depression

79
Q

Glide anteriorly, Jaw forward.

A

protraction

80
Q

Gliding posteriorly, Jaw retracts.

A

retraction

81
Q

Move mandible away from midline.

A

lateral excursion

82
Q

back to midline

A

medial

83
Q

Plantar surface faces midline

A

inversion

84
Q

Plantar surface faces away from midline

A

eversion

85
Q

UNIQUE. Touch thumb to other fingertips on SAME Hand. OK Sign.
Grasp & Manipulate objects.

A

opposition

86
Q

Returns thumb to neutral, anatomical position.

A

reposition

Human Structure and Function I (18 decks)

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