Chapter 2 Flashcards
The Chemical
chemicals compose
body structures and how they interact determines how our body functions
biological molecules are
chemical compound found in living organisms
synthesis reactions are
2 or more reactants form a larger product called anabolism
dehydration synthesis
water is released as reactants combine and needs energy (endergonic)
decomposition reactions
reverse of a synthesis reaction
a larger reactant is chemically broken down into 2 or more smaller products and form a larger product which is catabolism
what is metabolism
a combination of anabolism and catabolism reactions in the body
enzymes act as a
catalyst
a catalyst does what
increase the rate of a chemical reaction (speeds up) and so does the temperature
how do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to begin
what are the 4 major groups of organic molecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
what provides and stores energy to regulate blood glucose, spares protein and fat use for energy, undigested provide bulk in feces
carbohydrates
what regulates body processes, transport, protection, helps muscles contract, provide structure and energy
proteins
what carries genetic material and synthesizes proteins
nucleic acids
what protects and insulate body, regulate physiological processes, form plasma membranes and energy storage
lipids
what is essential for life
organic molecules
what are monosaccharides
simple sugars that combine to form disaccharides
what are disaccharides
two sugars together
name 3 disacharides
sucrose, lactose, and maltose
what are 3 polysaccharides
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
what is non-digestible plant polymer
cellulose
what is a digestible plant polymer
starch
what is storage form found in animal tissues
glycogen
what are lipids seen in the body as
fats and oils
are lipids water soluble if so in what
no, they dissolve in alc and acetone
what are triglycerides (most fats in body)
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
hows many rings do steroids have
4 ring structure
proteins are comprised of
amino acids
how many total amino acids are there to combine to synthesize proteins
21 proteins
how many amino acids are essential
9
are the 9 essential amino acids synthesized in the body
no you take it in through your diet
in peptide bonds what reaction is occurring to form water
dehydration
what are building blocks
nucleotides
what are nucleic acids made of
monosaccharide, nitrogenous bases, phosphate group
what are two types nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
DNA houses
genetic material
RNA houses
protein synthesis
