Chapter 2

Question 1

chemicals compose

Answer 1

body structures and how they interact determines how our body functions

Question 2

biological molecules are

Answer 2

chemical compound found in living organisms

Question 3

synthesis reactions are

Answer 3

2 or more reactants form a larger product called anabolism

Question 4

dehydration synthesis

Answer 4

water is released as reactants combine and needs energy (endergonic)

Question 5

decomposition reactions

Answer 5

reverse of a synthesis reaction

a larger reactant is chemically broken down into 2 or more smaller products and form a larger product which is catabolism

Question 6

what is metabolism

Answer 6

a combination of anabolism and catabolism reactions in the body

Question 7

enzymes act as a

Answer 7

catalyst

Question 8

a catalyst does what

Answer 8

increase the rate of a chemical reaction (speeds up) and so does the temperature

Question 9

how do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 9

by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to begin

Question 10

what are the 4 major groups of organic molecules

Answer 10

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 11

what provides and stores energy to regulate blood glucose, spares protein and fat use for energy, undigested provide bulk in feces

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

what regulates body processes, transport, protection, helps muscles contract, provide structure and energy

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

what carries genetic material and synthesizes proteins

Answer 13

nucleic acids

Question 14

what protects and insulate body, regulate physiological processes, form plasma membranes and energy storage

Answer 14

lipids

Question 15

what is essential for life

Answer 15

organic molecules

Question 16

what are monosaccharides

Answer 16

simple sugars that combine to form disaccharides

Question 17

what are disaccharides

Answer 17

two sugars together

Question 18

name 3 disacharides

Answer 18

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 19

what are 3 polysaccharides

Answer 19

starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 20

what is non-digestible plant polymer

Answer 20

cellulose

Question 21

what is a digestible plant polymer

Answer 21

starch

Question 22

what is storage form found in animal tissues

Answer 22

glycogen

Question 23

what are lipids seen in the body as

Answer 23

fats and oils

Question 24

are lipids water soluble if so in what

Answer 24

no, they dissolve in alc and acetone

Question 25

what are triglycerides (most fats in body)

Answer 25

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 26

hows many rings do steroids have

Answer 26

4 ring structure

Question 27

proteins are comprised of

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

how many total amino acids are there to combine to synthesize proteins

Answer 28

21 proteins

Question 29

how many amino acids are essential

Answer 29

9

Question 30

are the 9 essential amino acids synthesized in the body

Answer 30

no you take it in through your diet

Question 31

in peptide bonds what reaction is occurring to form water

Answer 31

dehydration

Question 32

what are building blocks

Answer 32

nucleotides

Question 33

what are nucleic acids made of

Answer 33

monosaccharide, nitrogenous bases, phosphate group

Question 34

what are two types nucleic acids

Answer 34

DNA and RNA

Question 35

DNA houses

Answer 35

genetic material

Question 36

RNA houses

Answer 36

protein synthesis