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Human Structure and Function I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

The Human

1
Q

anatomy definition is the

A

study of body parts

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2
Q

ana means

A

up

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3
Q

tome means

A

to cut

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4
Q

physiology definition is

A

study of function/ activity of nature/ living matter

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5
Q

complementarity of structure and function is

A

how something is designed and is related to how it will function or work

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6
Q

small intestine structure includes

A

circular folds, villi, and microvilli

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7
Q

small intestine function is to

A

increase surface area

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8
Q

developmental anatomy is

A

structural changes that occur from conception to adulthood (life span)

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9
Q

embryology is

A

structural changes that occur un utero (fertilization to birth)

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10
Q

when is embryology

A

the first 8 weeks (embryo, then fetus)

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11
Q

gross anatomy is micro or macro scopic

A

both

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12
Q

macroscopic means seeing with the

A

naked eye

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13
Q

systemic anatomy is the

A

study body by systemic approach

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14
Q

regional anatomy is the

A

study of all structures in certain region of body

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15
Q

surface anatomy is

A

study of surface to examine internal structures, deeper in the body

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16
Q

microscopic anatomy is or is NOT seen with the naked eye

A

not

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17
Q

cytology is the

A

study of structural features of cells

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18
Q

histology is the

A

study of tissues

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19
Q

name three subdivisions of macroscopic anatomy

A

regional, surface, and systemic

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20
Q

name two subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology and histology

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21
Q

tomographic anatomy is

A

medical imaging

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22
Q

pathologic anatomy is the

A

study and diagnosis of disease

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23
Q

what are the 6 organizational levels of anatomy

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level (11)
  6. organism
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24
Q

how many organ systems are there

A

11

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25
Q

what is homeostasis

A

it is the maintenance of internal environment that keeps it relatively constant

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26
Q

how do you keep homeostasis within the normal range

A

by increasing and decreasing around set point

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27
Q

how is homeostasis regulated

A

by the feedback loops

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28
Q

what is negative feedback

A

see saw, stop response when response causes variable to return to set point

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29
Q

example of negative feedback loop

A

body temp regulation

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30
Q

what is positive feedback loop

A

continued response beyond a set point until original stimulus is removed

31
Q

examples of positive feedback loop

A

blood clotting and child birth

32
Q

anatomical position

A

stand erect, facing forward, arms hanging at side, palms forward

33
Q

supine

A

is lying face upward

34
Q

prone

A

lying face down

35
Q

ipsilateral

A

stuructures lie on the same side of the body

36
Q

contralateral

A

structures lie on the opposite side of the body

37
Q

superior vs inferior

A

top vs bottom

38
Q

anterior vs posterior

A

front vs back

39
Q

vental vs dorsal

A

front vs back

40
Q

proximal vs distal

A

top vs bottom to trunk of body

41
Q

medial vs lateral

A

middle vs outside

42
Q

name the regions top row, middle row, bottom right to left

A

right hypocondriac, epigastric, left hyocondriac

right lumbar, umbillical, left lumbar

right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

43
Q

sagittal plane

A

cut left and right

44
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divided into halves

45
Q

parasagittal

A

divided into unequal left and right

46
Q

transverse

A

divided into top and bottom

47
Q

frontal (coronal)

A

divide into front and back

48
Q

oblique plane

A

not a right angle to other plans, often used in medical imaging to see specialized structures

49
Q

longitudinal section

A

cut through the length of an organ

50
Q

transverse cross section

A

cut at right angle to length of an organ

51
Q

what are the two body cavities

A

dorsal and ventral

52
Q

dorsal body cavity consists of

A

cranial and vertebral which houses brain and spinal cord

53
Q

ventral body cavity consists of

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic which houses lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, ureter, and gonads

54
Q

what are serous membranes

A

double layered membranes that line the walls of body cavities and surface of internal organs

54
Q

what is the largest cavity in the anterior view

A

ventral

54
Q

what is the largest cavity in the posterior view

A

dorsal

55
Q

visceral layer covers

A

the organ

56
Q

parietal layer lines

A

the cavity wall

57
Q

what layer is actually touching the actual organ

A

visceral

58
Q

which layer is the inner and what is the outer

A

visceral is inner
parietal is outer

59
Q

when there is no fluid between the layers it will

A

hit, stick, rub, and cause pain causing inflammation

59
Q

what is a cavity

A

space, filled with fluid, prevents rubbing of 2 layers

60
Q

pleural cavity is the

A

lung

61
Q

pericardial cavity is the

A

heart

62
Q

retroperitoneum is the

A

posterior body wall

62
Q

peritoneal cavity is the

A

internal organs

63
Q

when infection occurs there could be

A

inflammation

64
Q

pleurisy is

A

inflammation of the pleura

65
Q

pericarditis is

A

inflammation of the pericardium

66
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

67
Q

what is pericarditis

A

fluid accumulation in sac resulting in cardiac tamponade and results in death

68
Q

what causes periicarditis

A

heart attack, malignancy encroachment, XRT, trauma

69
Q

how do you treat peridcarditis

A

remove fluid

Human Structure and Function I (24 decks)

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