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Human Structure and Function I > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

initiated by stimulus acting on sensory receptors

A

sensation

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2
Q

awareness of changes in the internal and external environment

A

sensation

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3
Q

what responds to stimuli by generating an AP- propagate along sensory nerves to spinal cord and brain

A

sensory receptors

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4
Q

conscious awareness of those stimuli

A

perception

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5
Q

determine how to respond

A

interpretatioin

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6
Q

what results when brain interprets the AP’s in the cerebral cortex

A

perception

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7
Q

how the brain receives information

A

senses

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8
Q

2 sets of senses are

A

general and special

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9
Q

somatic and visceral are in what set of sense

A

general

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10
Q

receptors from skin, muscles, bones and joints

A

somatic

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11
Q

internal organ info in thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

visceral

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12
Q

examples of somatic senses

A

touch, pressure, proprioception, temperature, and pain

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13
Q

smell taste, vision, hearing, and balance is what type of sense

A

special sense

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14
Q

does all sensory info detected by sensory receptors result in perception

A

no

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15
Q

some APs go to the brain area where they are not

A

perceived

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16
Q

sent to cerbellum=

A

unconscious level

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17
Q

some variable info is processed unconsciously in medulla (BP) vs taking up all activity is

A

homeostatic info

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18
Q

cerebral cortex screens info and not perceive many APs=

A

selective awareness (attention worthy)

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19
Q

awareness of all info at cerebral cortex

A

inability to function

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20
Q

sensory receptors 3 criteria

A
  1. types of stimulus they detect
  2. location in the body
  3. receptor structure
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21
Q

excessive amount of stimulus=

A

pain

22
Q

respond to mechanical force= compress, bend, stretch cells, touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing and balance

A

mechanoreceptors

23
Q

respond to chemicals/ smell and taste

A

chemoreceptors

24
Q

sensitive to temp changes

A

thermoreceptors

25
Q

respond to light energy/ retina

A

photoreceptors

26
Q

respond to damaging stimuli; xs mechanical, chemical and thermal

A

nociceptors

27
Q

pain tolerance increases with

A

age

28
Q

associated with the skin and info regarding external environment

A

cutaneous receptor

29
Q

associated with viscera or organs/ BVs and info regarding internal environment

A

visceroreceptors

30
Q

associated with joints, tendons, ligaments and other CT and info regarding body position, movement and extent of stretch or force of muscular contractions

A

proprioreceptors

31
Q

how many general sensory receptors

A

8

32
Q

most common sensory receptor, simplest respond to pain, temp, itch, movement

A

free nerve endings

33
Q

cold receptors, warm receptors and pain receptors=

A

increase AP generation w drop or rise in temperature

34
Q

tactile, in stratum basale, light touch and superficial pressure

A

merkel disc

35
Q

light touch, very sensitive to bending of hair

A

hair follicle receptor

36
Q

complex, layers of tissue; deep pressure and vibration

A

pacinian corpuscle

37
Q

in dermal papillae: 2 point discrimination= able to detect 2 simultaneously stimulated areas as 2 distinct areas

A

meissner corpuscles

38
Q

dermis of skin, in fingers
respond to pressure on skin and stretch, continuous touch/pressure

A

ruffini end organs

39
Q

in skeletal muscle, info regarding muscle length control and tone of posture muscles

A

muscle spindles

40
Q

proprioceptors by junction between muscle and tendon
increase in tension (contract)

A

golgi tendon organs

41
Q

sensory receptors that conduct an AP in response to receptor producing a graded potential= receptor potential

A

primary receptors

42
Q

if reaches threshold, then axon produces AP and propagated- CNS
general senses receptors

A

primary

43
Q

sensory receptors w no axons or short axon-like projection- receptor potentials

A

secondary

44
Q

generate receptor potenial threshold or AP taste

seen with special senses of tase, hearing, and balance

A

secondary

45
Q

decreased sensitivity to continues stimulus

A

adaption

46
Q

w continues exposure to stimulus, the response of receptors/ sensory pathway …… from …….. ……. application

A

decreased from initial stimulus

47
Q

despite stimulus being continually applied:

A

depolarization producing receptor potential adapts=returning it to resting level

48
Q

awareness, overtime APs decrease and awareness decreases, so not perceive presence of stimulus

A

initial stimulus

49
Q

adapt slowly, generate AP as long as stimulus is applied= sustained (merkel disc)

A

tonic

50
Q

adapt rapidly= very sensitive to change in stimuli (pacinian and meissner corpiscles)

A

phasic

Human Structure and Function I (24 decks)

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