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Human Structure and Function I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Chapter 7 part 1

1
Q

how many bones are in the body

A

206

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2
Q

why do the number of bones vary

A

(digits, ribs) decreases as Age with Fusion (~270 at Birth)

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3
Q

2 divisions of skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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4
Q

Skull, Ossicles, Hyoid, Vertebrae, Rib Cage

A

axial

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5
Q

Pectoral Girdle, Upper Limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

A

appendicular

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6
Q

what develop in lambdoidal or coronal sutures

A

sutural bones/ wormian

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7
Q

number of bones in axial skeleton

A

80

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8
Q

number of bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

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9
Q

projections include

A

processes
condyle
facets
rounded tubercle
crest
line
spine
tuberosity
trochanter
epicondyle

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10
Q

where tendon or ligament attach is called

A

processes

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11
Q

what do depressions include

A

depressions, groove, fossa, notch, meatus, fissure, foramen, also sinuses

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12
Q

a smooth flattened
surface covered with articular
cartilage and forms one side of
a joint

A

facet

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13
Q

a large rounded
protuberance covered with
articular cartilage forming the
other side of the joint

A

condyle

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14
Q

8 bones in cranium

A

Frontal, Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital, Ethmoid, Sphenoid

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15
Q

what are sutures

A

(4) Immovable Joints with Jagged edges for Strength

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16
Q

coronal suture separates

A

frontal and parietal

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17
Q

squamosal separate

A

pariteal and temporal

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18
Q

sagittal separate

A

between parietal

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19
Q

lambdoidal separate

A

parietal and occipital

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20
Q

top of skull, removed to see interior

A

calvaria

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21
Q

what bone is the path for eyes and ears

A

cranium

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22
Q

attachment for muscles: facial expression, chewing, swallow, speech

A

cranium

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23
Q

forehead is

A

frontal

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24
Q

coronal suture , frontal sinus,
anterior cranial fossa- support frontal lobe
supraorbital foramen (BV and nerve for eye/eyelid)

A

frontal

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25
Q

what bone acts as a protective brain= sides and roof with a sagital and lambdoid suture

A

parietal

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26
Q

sutural bones (wormian). superior and inferior temporal line and (attachment sites for temporalis muscle- mastication= chew

A

parietal

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27
Q

how many bones in eye orbit

A

7

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28
Q

name the bones in the eye orbit

A

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine

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29
Q

tears from eye into nasal cavity is called

A

nasolacrimal canal

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30
Q

optic nerve

A

vision

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31
Q

CN III , IV, VI

A

superior orbital fissures

32
Q

infraorbital artery vein and nerve

A

inferior orbital fissures

33
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla

34
Q

functions of the paransal sinus

A

decrease weight of skull and voice resonance

35
Q

bridge of nose

A

nasal

36
Q

what bone has inferior hyaline cartilage

A

nasal

37
Q

cheekbones

A

zygomatic

38
Q

how many facial bones

A

14

39
Q

alveoli

A

teeth in upper jaw

40
Q

incisive foramen

A

bv and nerves

41
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

facial artery and nerve

42
Q

hard palate consists of

A

anterior 2/3 and separates oral from nasal cavity

43
Q

alveoli, incisive foramen, infraorbital foramen, and hard palate are in the

A

maxilla

44
Q

hard palate (posterior 1/3) is in what bone

A

palatine

45
Q

smallest skull bones

A

lacrimal

46
Q

nasolacrimal duct to canal=tears

A

lacrimal

47
Q

3rd set of nasal concha (increases surface area)

A

inferior nasal conchae

48
Q

lower jaw

A

mandible

49
Q

largest and strongest bone of face only movable

A

mandible

50
Q

has 3 parts

A

mandible

51
Q

small triagnular bone on floor of nasal cavity

A

vomer

52
Q

what bone does NOT directly articulate with
other skeletal bones
(Sesamoid)

A

hyoid

53
Q

Support for Speech &
Swallowing Muscles

A

hyoid

54
Q

what bone easily fracture with blow to or squeezing neck

A

hyoid

55
Q

how many bones in vertebral column

A

26

56
Q

convex curve

A

cervical

57
Q

ribs attached, concave curve

A

thoracic

58
Q

convex curve, heaviest and strongest

A

lumbar

59
Q

5 fused- articulates with pelvic girdle, concave

A

sacral

60
Q

4 fused= tailbone

A

coccyx

61
Q

Abnormal lateral rotation of spine
(C, T, L Curves)
Female > Male, Early Adolescence,
Idiopathic, Genetic
Breathing issues, Disabling, Psych
Treat with Surgery, Place rods

A

scoliosis

62
Q

Exaggerated Curvature in Upper
Thoracic & Cervical Spine
May be due to Osteoporosis
Dowager’s Hump

A

kyphosis

63
Q

Exaggerated Curvature of
Lumbar & Lower Thoracic Vertebrae
Due to weak Abdominal Muscles
(Diastasis Recti) in middle age/old males
Poor posture, Pregnancy  Low back pain
Compensation to maintain center of gravity

A

lordosis

64
Q

between vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc

65
Q

Provide Flexibility to Vertebral Column & Shock
Absorber

A

intervertebral disc

66
Q

Annalus fibrosus = Fibrous ring of CT

A

intervertebral disc

67
Q

whats true about intervertebral disc at night vs morning

A

night is shorter by half an inch

68
Q

Nucleus pulposus = Gelatinous (Leaks out =
Herniation) Treat with Laminectomy (Remove
part of Vertebral Lamina/Arch)

A

intervertebral disc

69
Q

flat bone

A

sternum

70
Q

the 3 fused bones in the sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

71
Q

where the manurbium and body meet and costal cartilage of 2nd rib articulates with sternum

A

sternal angle

72
Q

how many pairs of ribs

A

12

73
Q

true ribs are

A

1-7

74
Q

false ribs are

A

8-10

75
Q

floating ribs are

A

11 and 12

Human Structure and Function I (18 decks)

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