Epi Mix Z 5001-5200 Flashcards
The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs
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Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease
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VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles
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Vesicular exanthema of swine is sea-mammal origin
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We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness
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Several serotypes of Swine Vesicular Exanthema virus can be detected in fishes
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Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus
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Midges are the main vectors of the Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
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Feline calicivirus is carried and shed by vaccinated animals too
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The feline calicivirus is shed in excretes
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The feline calicivirus infection can be recognised by the ulcers seen on the tongue
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The feline calicivirus infection can cause the limping of kittens
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Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Feline Calici virus infection
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Bordetella bronchiseptica can complicate calicivirus infection of cats
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Virulent strains of feline calicivirus can cause severe systemic syndrome
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Feline calicivirus can cause persisting infection In the tonsils
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Cats may carry and shed feline calicivirus for several month or years
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Feline caliciviruses cause haemorrhagic enteritis
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Some variants of feline calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection
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Cats shed the Feline calicivirus for several weeks
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Lameness and fever are possible clinical signs of Feline calicivirus infection
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Oral erosions are signs of Feline calicivirus infection
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Virulent strains of the Feline calicivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality
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Virulent systemic feline calicivirus causes more severe symptom in kittens
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FCV infection results in a two-phase fever
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Infected cats carry feline calicivirus at least for a month
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Feline calicivirus may be shed by urine and faeces
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Feline calicivirus infection may cause pyrexia and lameness
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Erosions on the oral mucosa are frequent signs of feline calicivirus infection
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Feline calicivirus has a very characteristic biphasic fever
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RHD induces clinical signs mostly in animals younger than 2 months
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RHD virus is used for biological control of rural rabbits
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RHD virus propagates in the liver of the infected animals
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RHD virus can be propagated in cell culture
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Vaccines against RHDV-1 induce protection against RHDV-2 too
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Encephalitis is a frequent sign of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease is characterized by rapid progression
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Australia is free of rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits
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There are no vaccines available against rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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Up to 100% of susceptible rabbits may be killed by rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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The incubation time of rabbit haemorrhagic disease is usually over 3 weeks
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Hepatic necrosis is a frequent lesion of rabbit hemorrhagic disease
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Rabbits over 1 month of age become susceptible to the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus
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The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is present only in Australia
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The haemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver.
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In RHD pathology we can see haemorrhages and infarcts in the kidney
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Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits
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RHD causes airborne infection
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The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is a chronic illness with low morbidity
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The orthohepevirus A causes clinical symptoms only in human
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The Orthohepevirus A can be zoonotic
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The avian hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease
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The avian hepatitis E causes drop in egg production
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Hepatitis E virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in swine
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Avian nephritis is caused by astroviruses
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The mortality of avian nephritis is 50-60%
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Avian nephritis replicates in the gut
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Broilers are regularly vaccinated against avian nephritis virus
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Urate deposition is a postmortem lesion of avian nephritis
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Clinical signs of avian nephritis can be seen in the first four weeks of life
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Avian nephritis virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1-3 weeks of age
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Avian nephritis is more frequent in waterfowl than in chicken
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Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus
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Only chickens are susceptible to avian nephritis virus
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Avian nephritis virus is transmitted by rodents
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Chickens are frequently seropositive for avian nephritis
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Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of chicken from avian nephritis virus
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Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions
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Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
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The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent
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Togaviruses cause airborne infection
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Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
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Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents
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No vaccines are available against togaviruses
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Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
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Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
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The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge
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Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis
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In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role
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Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
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Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
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Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic
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Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections
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Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection
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Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
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Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses
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Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality
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Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology
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In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too
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Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year
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Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans
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An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
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Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses
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Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses
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Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human
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Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis
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Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
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Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
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In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis
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Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts
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Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections
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The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
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The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
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Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis
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No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses
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Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
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Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
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The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide
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American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans
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Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses
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American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
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Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes
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Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines
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Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse
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Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses
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Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
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Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
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Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons
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After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses
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The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents
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Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology
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In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory
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Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
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Horse encephalitis occurs only in America
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Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans
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Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito
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Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses
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Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
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Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
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Pestiviruses are zoonotic
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Pestiviruses are arboviruses
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Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus
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Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus
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Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
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Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents
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Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
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The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population
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The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia
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The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
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Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries
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Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep
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Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep
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The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia
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Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits
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Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie
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Louping-Ill is a disease of swine
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Louping ill occurs in the Far-East
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Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges
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The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe
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The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
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The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk
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The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis
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Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE
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The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
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Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection
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Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis
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The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species
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The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
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Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis
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Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
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Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions
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Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans
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Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans
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Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia
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Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections
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Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus
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Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
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Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk
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Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally
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For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available
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Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus
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Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus
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West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease
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In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected
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To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses
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The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs
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The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle
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The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
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Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus
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The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn
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WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
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Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV
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West Nile Virus is only present in Africa
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Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
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WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
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WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures
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Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
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Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV
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Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe
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Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe
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There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet
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Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV
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The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks
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The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
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Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections
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The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV
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The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
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Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis
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