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Epi Mix > Epi Mix Z 5001-5200 > Flashcards

Epi Mix Z 5001-5200 Flashcards

1
Q

The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs

A

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2
Q

Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease

A

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3
Q

VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles

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4
Q

Vesicular exanthema of swine is sea-mammal origin

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5
Q

We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness

A

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6
Q

Several serotypes of Swine Vesicular Exanthema virus can be detected in fishes

A

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7
Q

Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus

A

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8
Q

Midges are the main vectors of the Vesicular exanthema of swine virus

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9
Q

Feline calicivirus is carried and shed by vaccinated animals too

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10
Q

The feline calicivirus is shed in excretes

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11
Q

The feline calicivirus infection can be recognised by the ulcers seen on the tongue

A

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12
Q

The feline calicivirus infection can cause the limping of kittens

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13
Q

Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Feline Calici virus infection

A

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14
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica can complicate calicivirus infection of cats

A

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15
Q

Virulent strains of feline calicivirus can cause severe systemic syndrome

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16
Q

Feline calicivirus can cause persisting infection In the tonsils

A

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17
Q

Cats may carry and shed feline calicivirus for several month or years

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18
Q

Feline caliciviruses cause haemorrhagic enteritis

A

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19
Q

Some variants of feline calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection

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20
Q

Cats shed the Feline calicivirus for several weeks

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21
Q

Lameness and fever are possible clinical signs of Feline calicivirus infection

A

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22
Q

Oral erosions are signs of Feline calicivirus infection

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23
Q

Virulent strains of the Feline calicivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality

A

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24
Q

Virulent systemic feline calicivirus causes more severe symptom in kittens

A

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25
Q

FCV infection results in a two-phase fever

A

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26
Q

Infected cats carry feline calicivirus at least for a month

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27
Q

Feline calicivirus may be shed by urine and faeces

A

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28
Q

Feline calicivirus infection may cause pyrexia and lameness

A

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29
Q

Erosions on the oral mucosa are frequent signs of feline calicivirus infection

A

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30
Q

Feline calicivirus has a very characteristic biphasic fever

A

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31
Q

RHD induces clinical signs mostly in animals younger than 2 months

A

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32
Q

RHD virus is used for biological control of rural rabbits

A

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33
Q

RHD virus propagates in the liver of the infected animals

A

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34
Q

RHD virus can be propagated in cell culture

A

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35
Q

Vaccines against RHDV-1 induce protection against RHDV-2 too

A

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36
Q

Encephalitis is a frequent sign of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease

A

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37
Q

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus is transmitted by mosquitoes

A

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38
Q

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease is characterized by rapid progression

A

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39
Q

Australia is free of rabbit haemorrhagic disease

A

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40
Q

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits

A

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41
Q

There are no vaccines available against rabbit haemorrhagic disease

A

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42
Q

Up to 100% of susceptible rabbits may be killed by rabbit haemorrhagic disease

A

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43
Q

The incubation time of rabbit haemorrhagic disease is usually over 3 weeks

A

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44
Q

Hepatic necrosis is a frequent lesion of rabbit hemorrhagic disease

A

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45
Q

Rabbits over 1 month of age become susceptible to the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus

A

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46
Q

The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is present only in Australia

A

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47
Q

The haemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver.

A

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48
Q

In RHD pathology we can see haemorrhages and infarcts in the kidney

A

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49
Q

Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits

A

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50
Q

RHD causes airborne infection

A

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51
Q

The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is a chronic illness with low morbidity

A

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52
Q

The orthohepevirus A causes clinical symptoms only in human

A

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53
Q

The Orthohepevirus A can be zoonotic

A

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54
Q

The avian hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease

A

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55
Q

The avian hepatitis E causes drop in egg production

A

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56
Q

Hepatitis E virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in swine

A

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57
Q

Avian nephritis is caused by astroviruses

A

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58
Q

The mortality of avian nephritis is 50-60%

A

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59
Q

Avian nephritis replicates in the gut

A

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60
Q

Broilers are regularly vaccinated against avian nephritis virus

A

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61
Q

Urate deposition is a postmortem lesion of avian nephritis

A

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62
Q

Clinical signs of avian nephritis can be seen in the first four weeks of life

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63
Q

Avian nephritis virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1-3 weeks of age

A

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64
Q

Avian nephritis is more frequent in waterfowl than in chicken

A

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65
Q

Avian nephritis virus caused by a picornavirus

A

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66
Q

Only chickens are susceptible to avian nephritis virus

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67
Q

Avian nephritis virus is transmitted by rodents

A

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68
Q

Chickens are frequently seropositive for avian nephritis

A

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69
Q

Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of chicken from avian nephritis virus

A

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70
Q

Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

A

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71
Q

Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

A

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72
Q

The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

A

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73
Q

Togaviruses cause airborne infection

A

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74
Q

Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

A

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75
Q

Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

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76
Q

No vaccines are available against togaviruses

A

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77
Q

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

A

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78
Q

Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

A

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79
Q

The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

A

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80
Q

Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

A

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81
Q

In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

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82
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

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83
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

A

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84
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

A

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85
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

A

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86
Q

Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection

A

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87
Q

Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

A

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88
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

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89
Q

Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

A

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90
Q

Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

A

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91
Q

In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

A

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92
Q

Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

A

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93
Q

Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

A

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94
Q

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

A

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95
Q

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses

A

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96
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

A

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97
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

A

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98
Q

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

A

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99
Q

Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

A

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100
Q

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

A

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101
Q

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

A

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102
Q

Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

A

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103
Q

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections

A

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104
Q

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

A

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105
Q

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

A

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106
Q

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis

A

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107
Q

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses

A

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108
Q

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

A

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109
Q

Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

A

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110
Q

The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide

A

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111
Q

American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans

A

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112
Q

Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses

A

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113
Q

American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

A

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114
Q

Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes

A

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115
Q

Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

A

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116
Q

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse

A

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117
Q

Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses

A

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118
Q

Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses

A

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119
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide

A

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120
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons

A

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121
Q

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

A

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122
Q

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents

A

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123
Q

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology

A

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124
Q

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

A

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125
Q

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

A

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126
Q

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

A

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127
Q

Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

A

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128
Q

Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

A

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129
Q

Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses

A

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130
Q

Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions

A

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131
Q

Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents

A

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132
Q

Pestiviruses are zoonotic

A

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133
Q

Pestiviruses are arboviruses

A

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134
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus

A

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135
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus

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136
Q

Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens

A

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137
Q

Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents

A

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138
Q

Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America

A

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139
Q

The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population

A

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140
Q

The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia

A

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141
Q

The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

A

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142
Q

Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

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143
Q

Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep

A

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144
Q

Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep

A

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145
Q

The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia

A

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146
Q

Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits

A

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147
Q

Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie

A

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148
Q

Louping-Ill is a disease of swine

A

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149
Q

Louping ill occurs in the Far-East

A

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150
Q

Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges

A

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151
Q

The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe

A

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152
Q

The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

A

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153
Q

The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk

A

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154
Q

The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis

A

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155
Q

Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE

A

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156
Q

The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

A

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157
Q

Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection

A

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158
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis

A

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159
Q

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species

A

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160
Q

The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents

A

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161
Q

Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis

A

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162
Q

Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans

A

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163
Q

Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions

A

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164
Q

Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans

A

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165
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans

A

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166
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia

A

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167
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections

A

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168
Q

Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus

A

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169
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants

A

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170
Q

Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk

A

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171
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally

A

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172
Q

For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available

A

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173
Q

Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

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174
Q

Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus

A

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175
Q

West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease

A

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176
Q

In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected

A

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177
Q

To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses

A

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178
Q

The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs

A

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179
Q

The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle

A

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180
Q

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

A

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181
Q

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

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182
Q

The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn

A

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183
Q

WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

A

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184
Q

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV

A

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185
Q

West Nile Virus is only present in Africa

A

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186
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus

A

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187
Q

WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections

A

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188
Q

WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures

A

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189
Q

Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections

A

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190
Q

Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV

A

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191
Q

Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe

A

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192
Q

Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe

A

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193
Q

There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet

A

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194
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV

A

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195
Q

The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks

A

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196
Q

The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

A

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197
Q

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections

A

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198
Q

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV

A

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199
Q

The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics

A

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200
Q

Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis

A

t

Epi Mix (35 decks)

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