Epi Mix B 201-400 Flashcards
Use of antibiotics in the case of diseases caused by viruses is not allowed because of antibiotic resistance
F
Treatment of certain infectious diseases is prohibited
T
Symptomatic treatment is recommended because it can support healing of the diseased animals
T
In case of viral diseases, no antibiotics are given
F
Antibiotics may be used only until the disappearance of the clinical signs
F
Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance
F
There is no anti-viral therapy
F
Aetiological treatment with anti-bacterial is done, in the case of bacterial diseases
T
Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable
T
In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must be tested for infections
T
In case of import of animals into a farm, animals in the quarantine must only be observed, there is nothing to do with them if they do not show clinical signs
F
Only eggs from the same flock are allowed to be hatches in one hatching machine
T
Eggs of different species can be hatched together; they cannot infect each other thanks to the different hatching time
F
All-in-all-out is an important principle in prevention of infectious diseases
T
Isolation of age groups is an important way of prevention of infectious diseases
T
”All-in-all-out” principle is a general epidemiological rule
T
Isolated keeping of different animal species can prevent the spreading of infectious diseases
T
Isolated keeping of different age groups of the same species cannot prevent spreading of infectious diseases since all animals of the same species are susceptible to the same agents
F
Day-old birds cannot be infected in the hatchery because they are protected by yolk Immunity.
F
The immunoglobulin content of the colostrum is continuously decreasing after farrowing
T
Maternal antibodies can inhibit the active immune response.
T
There is no maternal protection in birds
F
Maternal protection occurs only in mammals
F
Colostrum is the main way of maternal protection in the case of animals with epitheliochorial placenta
T
The half-life of the heterologous hyperimmune serum is about 7-10 days
T
The half-life of the heterologous hyperimmune serum is about 2-3 weeks
T
Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the placenta
F
Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the colostrum
T
Enteral lymphocytes of the dam can be transferred to the offspring in colostrum
T
The immunoglobulin content of the colostrum is influenced by the nutrition of the dam
T
The protein and antibody content of the colostrum is stable in the first week after calving
F
Absorption of maternal antibodies from the colostrum in the first three days is not changing
F
Colostrum is not important in protection of calves since the antibodies can go through the placenta
F
Colostrum is the only way of receiving maternal protection in calves
T
The immunoglobulin content of the colostrum is not changed in the first week after birth
F
Calves can absorb maternal antibodies for a week after birth
F
Maternal antibodies can inhibit certain immunization
T
New-born animals cannot be infected from the milk thanks to the colostral antibodies.
F
The colostrum contains maternal lymphocytes
T
The protein content of the colostrum remains high for the first two weeks after giving birth
F
The immune globulin content of the colostrum remains high for the first week after giving birth.
F
The enteral absorption of immune globulins is decreasing after birth
T
Maternal antibodies can decrease the efficacy of vaccination.
T
The immune globulin concentration of the colostrum decreases sharply after birth
T
The enteral absorption of immunoglobulins is about the same for a week after birth
F
The maternal antibodies can decrease the immune response against vaccines
T
Enteral lymphocytes can get from the dam to the newborn animal with colostrum
T
The endotheliochorial placenta prevents the transport of immunoglobulins to the foetus
F
Homologous hyperimmune serum can provide about a year-long protection
F
Strains used in marker vaccines can be differentiated from the field strains.
T
Avirulent strains can be used in live vaccines
T
The health state of the vaccinated animals can influence the efficacy of the vaccination
T
Adjuvants in vaccines increase the shelf life of vaccines
F
Inactivated vaccines contain inactivated bacterial toxins
T
The method of vaccination has no effect on the efficacy of the vaccination
F
Adjuvants in vaccines increase the efficacy of vaccines
T
Attenuated strains can be used in live vaccines.
T
Deletion vaccines can only be used as live vaccines
F
Inactivated vaccines can contain the whole agents or their components
T
The colostral immunoglobulins have no effect on the vaccination of the new born animals
F
DIVA principle can only be used if the animals are vaccinated with deletion vaccines
F
According to DIVA principle, infected and vaccinated animals can be differentiated
T
Subunit vaccines contain only antigens of the agents
T
Certain parts of the genome are missing from deletion vaccine strains
T
Some genes are missing from the strains included in deletion vaccines
T
For safety reasons only inactivated vaccines are used
F
Live vaccines can contain strains with lower virulence
T
Live vaccines always contain avirulent agents
F
Live vaccines are less effective than the inactivated ones
F
Live vaccines are dangerous, they are not on the market any more
F
Live vaccines are not used in Europe any more
F
Live vaccines do not provide good immunity
F
Marker vaccines are used to mark the site of vaccination
F
It is not allowed to use inactivated deletion vaccines in the EU
F
Live vaccines contain attenuated or avirulent agents
T
The agent in a vaccine can influence the level of the immune response of vaccinated animals.
T
If deletion vaccines are used, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated
T
Using marker vaccines, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated.
T
Use of marker vaccines can be combined with “test and remove” eradication
T
Marker vaccines are marked with
F
The immune response produced by an attenuated vaccine is low
F
Some attenuated vaccine strains can be immunosuppressive
T
Attenuated vaccines induce a quick immune response
T
Vaccines containing attenuated strains are not used anymore
F
The amount of antigen in the vaccine has no effect on the efficacy of the vaccine
F
Eradication with selection method is not done nowadays
F
Newborn animals must be kept isolated when eradication with generation shift is used
T
Eradication with generation shift cannot be used if the level of infection is high in the herd
F
Eradication using generation shift method is mainly used in Poultry
F
Implantation of washed embryos from a non infected dam into infected one is a way of eradication
F
Implantation of washed embryos from a infected dam into non-infected one is a way of eradication
T
Eradication using the generation shift method is mainly used in pig herds
F
In the case of generation shift the infected animals must be slaughtered at the beginning of the eradication procedure
F
Eradication using selection method can be combined with vaccination
T
In the case of generation shift the young animals must be isolated from the dam at the age of 1-3 days
T
Eradication using the selection method is generally implemented in case of low level of infection
T
When eradication is made with selection method, the infected animals are removed from the herd
T
Selection, generation shift and herd replacement can be used for eradication
T
Eradication using generation shift can be used in cattle herds
T
Caesarean section is the only way of birth when eradication is carried out using the SPF method
F
Certain diseases can be eradicated with generation shift
T
Herd replacement is the cheapest way of eradication of a disease
F
Selection (test and slaughter) is a method of eradiation of a disease
T
Selection method can be used for eradication of infectious diseases, when we remove infected animals
T
In the case of generation shift, newborn animals are separated from the dam and kept isolated.
T
Embryo transfer cannot be used for eradication, since the embryo can be infected.
F
The selection method cannot be combined vaccination
F
Test and slaughter as an eradication method can be used in case of low level of infection
T
There is no agent which can be eradicated by antibiotic treatment
T
In the case of generation shift newborn animals have to be kept isolated from the parent animals
T
In the case of herd replacement, the herd is replaced with infection-free animals
T
In the case of selection method of eradication the infected animals are taken out of the herd
T
If eradication is made by selection method, vaccination is forbidden.
F
Early weaning is necessary if generation shift method of eradication is used
T
Generation shift is a frequently used eradication method in swine
F
Generation shift is a method of eradication of a disease.
T
In eradication by selective breeding, the seropositive animals are eliminated
T
In eradication by selective breeding, only the animals shedding the bacteria are eliminated
F
In eradication by selective breeding, vaccination cannot be used
F
Eradication by selective breeding is not used anymore
F
Selection (test and remove) is not used to eradicate a disease anymore
F
There is no neutralizing epitope of parvoviruses
F
The reproduction of the parvovirus is continuous in the dividing cells
T
Parvoviruses are good antigens
T
Bocaviruses may cause mild respiratory or enteric diseases in newborn animals
T
Parvoviruses can be cultured in homologous, young dividing cell cultures
T
The resistance of Parvovirus is high, in the environment they remain infectious for several months
T
Parvoviruses multiplicate only in rapidly dividing cells
T
SMEDI is caused by goose circovirus
F
SMEDI is caused by porcine circovirus
F
If 75-day-old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus myoclonia congenital is a clinical sign.
T
If 75-day-old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus respiratory clinical signs can be seen in the piglets
F
The embryo can be infected with porcine parvovirus 1
T
Parvovirus rarely causes SMEDI in endemic farms
T
Swine parvovirus can cause foetal damages only if the infection takes place during the pregnancy
T
Swine parvovirus occurs worldwide, most herds are seropositive.
T
If 100-day-old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus, weak piglets can be seen
T
If 100-day-old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus, myoclonia congenital is a clinical sign
T
If 100-day-old swine fetuses are infected with parvovirus, dermatitis is a clinical sign
F
SMEDI is caused by porcine parvovirus
T
If 15 day old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus myoclonia congenital is a clinical sign
F
If 100-day-old swine fetuses are infected with parvovirus, respiratory clinical signs can be seen
F
If 75 day old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus abortion can be seen
F
If 15 day old swine foetuses are infected with parvovirus mummification can be seen
F
The porcine parvovirus 1 causes renal disorders in adults
F
Porcine parvovirus (PPV 1) vaccinations start at or after 6 months of age
T
PPV 1 is transmitted through the fecal-oral route
T
PPV 1 is endemic in most pig herds
T
Porcine parvovirus 4 is usually involved in reproductive disorders
T
Swine parvovirus is shed in the faeces for some weeks after contracting the infection
T
The maternal immunity against porcine parvovirus lats for a very long time
T
PCR is used for the detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus 1
F
Porcine SMEDI can only be induced by parvoviruses.
F
PPV-1 induces diarrhoea in suckling piglets
F
Neurological disorders are frequent in Porcine parvovirus infections
F
The primary site of Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) replication is in the small intestine
T
Swine parvovirus usually causes foetal damages in first pregnant gilts
T
Swine parvovirus maternal antibodies can exist up to 6 to 12 months of age
F
The maternal immunity against porcine parvovirus lasts for very long time.
T (should be F, 6m only)
Porcine parvovirus can cause neurological signs in sows
F
Porcine parvovirus frequently causes diarrhoea in piglets
F
For prevention of Porcine parvovirus caused fetal damages, live vaccines are available.
T
Piglets of sows seroconverted by PPV-1 are maternally protected for months
T
Porcine parvoviruses are genetically uniform
F
Porcine parvovirus (PPV-1) infection of seronegative pregnant animals can damage the foetus
T
PPV-1 vaccination must be started at 4-6 weeks of age
F
Vaccination against canine parvovirus 2 is independent from maternal antibodies
F
Vaccination against canine parvovirus 2 depends on maternal antibodies
T
The parvovirus enteritis of dogs is caused by canine parvovirus 1
F
The parvovirus enteritis of dogs is caused by canine parvovirus 2
T
The parvoviral enteritis of dogs is type 3 hypersensitivity
F
Maternal antibodies against canine parvovirus can protect puppies for 8 weeks
T (F, up to 4 months)
Maternal antibodies against canine parvovirus can protect dogs for about 2 years
F
The replication of canine parvovirus 2 is in the crypt cells of large intestine
F
The replication of canine parvovirus 2 is in the crypt cells of small intestine
T
Maternal antibodies of dogs protect not longer than 2 weeks in the case of parvoviral enteritis of dogs
F
Canine parvoviruses do not infect cats
F
Canine parvovirus attack lymphoid cells
T
Canine parvovirus is shed with the feces
T
Canine parvovirus can replicate in the myocardium of young pups
T
Older dogs are usually sero-positive for Canine Parvo virus
T
Canine parvoviruses are shed in high concentrations with the faeces
T
Subtypes of Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) cause panleukopenia in cats
T
Canine herpesvirus infection can cause abortion
T
Dog parvovirus caused enteritis most frequently affects young dogs, less than one year old
T
For prevention of Canine parvovirus enteritis, live attenuated virus vaccines are used
T
Dog parvovirus can cause myocarditis in young puppies
T
Dog parvovirus enteritis is nowadays very rare
F
Dog parvovirus can be detected directly from FaecesT
?
Dog parvovirus can be detected directly from Sera, Saliva. Foetus.
F
Canine parvovirus infection of susceptible dogs results in high mortality
T
Older dogs are usually seropositive for Canine parvovirus (CPV2) subtypes
T
Leukopenia is characteristic for successful CPV-2 infections
T
Canine parvovirus diseases are similar to that caused by Pantropic coronaviruses
T
Maternal antibodies usually protect for 2-3 weeks against Canine parvovirus disease
F
Canine parvoviruses form a single antigenic group
F
Maternal antibodies against cat parvovirus protect only till 2 weeks age
F
Maternal antibodies against cat parvovirus can protect till 4 months age
T
Feline panleukopenia infection can cause fever
T
Feline panleukopenia may be caused by canine parvovirus
T
