Epi Mix Y 4801-5000 Flashcards
Swine Vesicular Disease is similar in appearance to Foot and Mouth Disease
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Swine Vesicular Disease causes skin lesions in cattle
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Judging from the clinical signs, Swine Vesicular Disease cannot be differentiated from FMD
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Lameness can be a sign of Swine Vesicular Disease
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Haemorrhages in the parenchymal organs are frequent postmortem lesions of avian encephalomyelitis
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Haemorrhages are frequent postmortem lesions of avian encephalomyelitis
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There is germinative spread in the case of avian encephalomyelitis
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There is no germinative infection in the case of avian encephalomyelitis
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Avian encephalomyelitis is not transmitted germinatively
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Tremor is a typical clinical sign of avian encephalomyelitis
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Avian Encephalomyelitis is not transmitted through the eggf
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Avian encephalomyelitis virus can infect chicken
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Clinical signs of avian encephalomyelitis can be seen in animals up to 5 weeks of age
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Avian encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faeces
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Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus
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Chickens are susceptible to avian encephalomyelitis virus
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Germinative infection is a way of spreading of avian encephalomyelitis virus
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Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by enterovirus
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Incubation time of Avian encephalomyelitis virus is 11 (9-10) days following PO infection
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Incubation time of Avian encephalomyelitis virus depends on the mode of infection
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Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a hepatovirus
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Avian encephalomyelitis virus kills the embryo
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Avian encephalomyelitis is present only in chickens
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Avian encephalomyelitis virus is killed at hatching temperature
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Avian encephalomyelitis spreads both horizontally and via eggs
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Infection via eggs does not occur in Avian encephalomyelitis
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Avian encephalomyelitis is not transmitted through the egg
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Germinative infection can happen in the case of duck hepatitis
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Spasmodical paddling is a frequent clinical sign of duck hepatitis
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The resistance of duck hepatitis A virus is high
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Ducks are infected with the duck hepatitis A virus generally per os
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Duck hepatitis cannot be prevented with vaccination
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Duck hepatitis A virus is shed in the faeces
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Duck hepatitis A virus does not cause viraemia
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Duck hepatitis A virus can cause germinative infection
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Clinical signs of duck hepatitis can be seen mainly in laying ducks
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Duck hepatitis A virus can be detected with PCR
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rminative infection is the primary way of infection with Duck hepatitis A Virus.
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Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis are seen in 1-4 week old ducklings
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Per os infection is a common way of infection with duck hepatitis A virus
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Clinical signs of duck hepatitis can be seen in all age groups
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Duck Viral Hepatitis is present in Hungary on a large scale
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Duck Viral Hepatitis can be caused by multiple virus spp./serotypes.
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Duck Viral Hepatitis is primarily a disease of younger ducklings
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The primary replication site is the GI tract in Duck Viral Hepatitis
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Type 4 Duck Viral Hepatitis can infect older animals
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Duck Viral Hepatitis is caused by type 1 and 2 coronavirus
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Duck Viral Hepatitis causes haemorrhagic enteritis in older ducks
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Pathogens of Duck Viral Hepatitis can infect older animals
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Encephalomyocarditis virus is shed in the faeces by infected animals
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Encephalomyocarditis virus infects animals mainly per os
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Encephalomyocarditis infections are rare
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Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect only pigs
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Encephalomyocarditis virus remains infective in the environment
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Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause per os infection
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Encephalomyocarditis virus can infect humans
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Encephalomyocarditis virus has a narrow host range.
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Rodents can maintain encephalomyocarditis infection
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Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause necrosis of the heart muscle
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Encephalomyocarditis is a zoonosis
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Encephalomyocarditis may be deadly for elephants
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FMD is a chronic disease
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FMD spreads slowly within the herd
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FMD virus is shed by semen
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Dogs are susceptible to FMD
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Foot and mouth disease is serologically uniform
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Foot and mouth disease virus is uniform, there are no serotype or subtypes of it
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Because of the high variability of FMD virus cross protection cannot be observed even within the serotype
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Within the FMD serotypes, subtypes can be differentiated
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The sample from the FMD suspected animal should be submitted to lab cooled but not frozen
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FMD ulcers are usually sharp edged and regular round shaped
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The foot and mouth disease is classified into 7 serotypes
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The primary replication site for FMD is the tongue mucosa
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FMD can be transmitted by frozen meat
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The peracut form of FMD causes severe haemorrhages and death by shock
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The chronic form of FMD means arthritis
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FMD is transmitted by insect vectors
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Vesicles of FMD can fully recover after immune response
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FMD causes the loss of hoof in swine
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Foot and mouth disease can be carried for long time in the hoof tissue
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The SAT-1,2 and 3 serotypes of FMD virus are present in Africa and Arabia
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In humid cold environment, the FMD virus can retain its infectivity for weeks
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Even the vaccinated animals can carry and shed the FMD virus
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The main host (reservoir) of foot and mouth disease virus is swine
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FMD induces lameness in sheep and oral vesicles in goats
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FMD virus is shed in milk
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The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in dried milk for months
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The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in frozen milk for months
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There are no neutralizing antibodies produced against foot and mouth disease virus
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For laboratory tests foot and mouth disease samples should be submitted in buffered transport medium
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For laboratory tests FMD samples should be submitted frozen
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The resistance of foot and mouth disease virus is low
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The foot and mouth disease virus can retain its infectivity for 40 days in manure
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In Europe supportive therapy is applied in the treatment of FMD
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Frothy and sticky nasal discharge is the characteristic sign of FMD
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The hedgehog is susceptible to FMD
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All serotypes of foot and mouth disease can be detected worldwide
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Foot and mouth disease can cause myocarditis in young animals
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Ruminants can carry foot and mouth disease virus for up to 3 years
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The Asia serotype of FMD virus is present in Turkey and in the Middle East
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The FMD virus is enveloped
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FMD virus cannot be propagated in cell culture
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FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture
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24 hours after the inoculation of FMD virus into guinea pig paw pad vesicle formation can be observed
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The FMD mortality is nearly 100%
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The mortality of foot and mouth disease is very high in all age groups
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The FMD suspected sample should be sent to lab by post (in mail)
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FMD virus can be transmitted by feed
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Animals with foot and mouth disease shed the virus in the saliva
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Animals can be infected with foot and mouth disease by inhalation
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The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease are the lymph nodes
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The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease is the bone marrow
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Horses are susceptible to foot and mouth disease
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Cattle shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time comparing to swine
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The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to the environmental conditions
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We can observe the most severe foot and mouth disease signs on sheep
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In the control of foot and mouth disease vaccines are used in Europe
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Vaccination using attenuated vaccines is the main way of control of foot and mouth in Europe
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9 hours after infection foot and mouth disease virus can be shed by the infected animals
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Swine shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time than cattle
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Pigs shed more foot and mouth disease virus than cattle
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The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to acidic pH
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Foot and mouth disease virus can infect ruminants and pigs
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Foot and mouth disease virus can only infect animals
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FMD is sporadic in Europe
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Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks
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FMD virus frequently causes carditis is young animals
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Water buffalos are not susceptible for FMD
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The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles and lameness
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Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD
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In Europe vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD
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In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognize
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For Europe Middle-East, Africa and Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD
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In young animal FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis
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FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly
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In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD
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O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world
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In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild
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he resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days
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About half of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD
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FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle East and North- Africa
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FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets
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In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMD
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Pigs shed large amount of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease
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FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform
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The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo
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FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal
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FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base
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Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection
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FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure
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Genotype C of FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide
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Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants
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Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection
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FMD virus is shed by semen too
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Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus
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Comparing to cattle swine show milder vesicular symptoms
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Myocarditis can be a result of Foot and Mouth disease cases
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Vesicles are often seen on the tongue of Foot and Mouth disease infected cattle
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Europe is endemically infected with Foot and Mouth disease
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Vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease results in type specific immunity
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Pigs are not susceptible to Foot and Mouth disease
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Foot and Mouth disease virus can be shed from infected animals during the incubation time
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Vaccination is currently used against Foot and Mouth disease in Europe
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Foot and Mouth disease virus can only infect ruminants.
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Foot and Mouth disease is not present in South America
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Foot and mouth disease virus may cause severe heart muscle damage in young calves
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Foot and mouth disease are endemic in Europe
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Foot and mouth disease is clinically more severe in pigs than in cattle
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Foot and mouth disease virus can replicate in epithelial and myocardial cells
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Foot and mouth disease virus is spread by infected saliva and vesicle fluids within the herd
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Foot and mouth disease is caused by F2 viruses
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Recovery from foot and mouth disease induces type specific protection
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FMD has 7 known serotypes
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There are 3 subtypes SAT 1, 2, 3 in the SAT serotype
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FMD replicates primarily in the pharynx
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In the Asian serotype of FMD there are 3 subtypes, Asia 1, 2 and 3
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FMD causes most severe symptoms in pigs
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Vaccination is used against FMD
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Europe is currently free from FMD
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FMD replicates in the skin
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FMD cause skin lesions in bovine
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FMD cause skin signs in swine
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In sheep, clinical signs are usually more severe than in cattle
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For prevention of FMD in Europe only State Vet steps are used
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Inactivated vaccines can be used in endemically infected countries
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Only the live attenuated strains can provide good immunity
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Vaccination of cattle herds is permitted everywhere
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FMD is characteristic with fever, salivation and vesicle formation in the skin and mucous membranes
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The replication time of FMD virus is over one day
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Calicivirus can cause persisting infections in the tonsils
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Sapoviruses cause gastrointestinal infections in human
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The VES infection results in clinical signs similar to that of FMD
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The VES virus can survive in water for 2 weeks
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The primary source of VES infection is sea origin feed
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VES causes the highest mortality in pregnant sows
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VES causes mortality in piglets
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VES is more contagious than FMD
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Lameness is one of the signs of vesicular exanthema in swine
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Vaccines are ideally used for the prevention against swine vesicular exanthema
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Swine vesicular exanthema virus is present worldwide
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