Epi Mix AG 6401-6600 Flashcards
The incubation time of rabies is generally 2-8 weeks; however, exceptions can occur
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Rabies virus can only be transmitted with bite
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The host range of rabies is very narrow, mainly dogs and foxes are susceptible
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Dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans
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Herbivorous animals bitten by foxes can be emergency slaughtered
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Rabies virus can be detected with immunofluorescence test
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Rabies virus appears in the saliva 2-3 days after the onset of the clinical signs
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Lethality of rabies in humans is high
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The resistance of rabies virus is low; it cannot survive in the environment for a long time
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Rabies can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies in paired sera
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Antibodies against rabies detected with ELISA confirm the diagnosis of rabies
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Rabies virus is spreading alone the nerves in the host
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Urban rabies has been eradicated from the Earth
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Urban rabies is maintained by dogs and cats
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Rabies occurs only in tropical countrie
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Herbivores animals are generally dead end hosts of rabies
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Rabies virus replicates in the lymphocytes
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Postmortem examination of rabid animals is forbidden
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Haemorrhages of the serous membranes are typical postmortem lesions of rabies
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Rabies can be diagnosed only by using PCR
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Post exposition vaccine against rabies can be given to ruminants bitten by foxes
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Rabies virus does not penetrate the blood vessels
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Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behaviour
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Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis
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In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies
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With immunofluorescence test we can diagnose rabies
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We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test
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When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog, it should be vaccinated immediately
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Rabies is a uniform virus
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Rabies is a resistant virus
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Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies
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Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva
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Fox rabies: we can use live vaccines
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Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary
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Humans can be infected by Rabies bite
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Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplantst
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Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural
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Rabies virus is shed in the saliva, before appearance of the clinical signs
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The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week
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The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc
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High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva
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The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus, without different types or groups
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The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the environment
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All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus
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Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva
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Paralysis is a clinical sign of rabies
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Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine
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Cattle bitten by rabid animals may be vaccinated post exposition or slaughtered
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Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals
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Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system
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Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs
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Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies
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Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies
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Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases
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Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first time
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Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies
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Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs
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Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses
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Changed behaviour is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals
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Only the classical rabies virus can cause clinical signs, the other genotypes not
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The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by different wild living animals
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Rabies virus causes viraemia soon after infection
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Saliva can contain rabies virus, before the appearance of clinical signs
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Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses
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There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus
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Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle
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Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life
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Cattle bitten by a rabid animal can be vaccinated after exposition
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The rabid bats fly during the day
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Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies
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Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe
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Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe
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Rabies virus is highly resistant
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Rabies virus cannot be cultured
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Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies
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Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test, in the case of rabies
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Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies
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Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus
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Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance of the clinical signs
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The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks
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Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain
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Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately
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In cats furious form of rabies is typical
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In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur
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Rabies has been eradicated in Europe
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Rabies spread through venereal
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The high-titre of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies
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Live vaccines are used for the vaccination of foxes against rabies
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Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs
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Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system
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Borna disease occurs in Africa, Asia and South America, but Europe is free
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Dyspnoea is the main clinical sign of borna disease
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Only horses are susceptible to Borna disease virus
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Borna disease virus is spreading from cell to cell
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Mainly central nervous clinical signs can be seen in the case of Borna disease
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The lethality of Borna disease is low
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Borna disease is widespread all over the world
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Pneumonia is the main clinical sign of Borna disease
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Most animals showing clinical signs of Borna disease die due to it
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Horse is the reservoir species of Borna disease virus
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Clinical signs of Borna disease appear very slowly
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Dyspnoea, nasal discharge and cough are the main signs of Borna disease
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Borna disease causes dementia/CNS signs
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Borna disease occurs mainly in the Far East
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Borna disease replicate in the nucleus of cells and is called Joest Degen bodies
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Borna disease can be seen all over the world.
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Respiratory signs are the most typical ones in the case of Borna disease
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Only ruminants are susceptible to Borna disease virus
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The agent of proventricular dilation disease causes inflammation of the peripheral nerves
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Proventricular disease is a zoonosis
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Proventricular disease can occur in parrots
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Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong
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Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme
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Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
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Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
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The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
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Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
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Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
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Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
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Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
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Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
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Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
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Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses
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Retroviruses results in lifelong infection
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Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells
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Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
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Retroviruses are generally species specific
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Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks
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Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
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Retrovirus has weak resistance
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Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
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Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
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Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
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Retroviruses show high host specificity
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Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
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Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time
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Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
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Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
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Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
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Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
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Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
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Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable
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The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well
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Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
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The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell
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Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
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The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
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Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
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Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
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Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells
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Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
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Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
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You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially
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Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal
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Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
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Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
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Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses
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Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
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Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection
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Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection
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Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months
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Lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
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Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal
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Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
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In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months
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Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
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Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
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Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
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Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
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Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis
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Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
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Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
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Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
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Bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
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Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd
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Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period
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Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
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Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
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Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
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Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
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The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
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The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
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Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
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Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk
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Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
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Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
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Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds
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By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
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Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
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