Epi Mix AF 6201-6400 Flashcards
Distemper occurs in lions and dolphins
t
Distemper can cause encephalitis in dogs
t
Surviving distemper does not result in protection
f
Distemper can predispose dogs to secondary bacterial infections
t
Vaccinations against distemper at half years of age
f
Distemper causes de-myelinization
t
Distemper through conjunctival smear can be diagnosed by immunofluorescence technique
t
Canine distemper virus often causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the urinary bladder epithelial cells
t
Hendra and Nipah viruses cause zoonotic disease
t
Hendra virus can infect mainly swine and human
f
Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological signs
t
Horse is susceptible to Hendra virus infection
t
Hendra virus can cause enteritis in the small intestine
f
Natural reservoir of Hendra virus is flying fox (bat)
t
Hendra-viruses can cause encephalitis in horses and in humans
t
Hendra virus is found only in Australia
t
Diseases caused by Nipah virus occur worldwide
f
Nipah virus can cause ataxia, spasms, and paralysis in pigs
t
Natural reservoir of Nipah virus is fruit bats
t
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Nipah-viruses
f
Nipah virus is transmitted mainly by arthropod vectors
f
Bovine RS virus can cause severe pneumonia in 6 months to 2 years old calves
t
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates in the alveolar epithelium
t
Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection
t
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes viraemia
f
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can predispose to secondary bacterial infections
t
Subcutaneous emphysema is a common clinical sign of the disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus
t
Disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus cannot be prevented with vaccination
f
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus is spreading fast within a herd
t
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus can cause life threatening disease in calves
t
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus causes low morbidity and high mortality
f
Bovine respiratory syntitial virus is caused by pneumovirus and we use inactivated vaccines for prevention
t
Bovine parainfluenza virus causes central nervous clinical signs in calves
f
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can result formation of hyalin membrane in the alveoli
t
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza-3 virus is very rare
f
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can cause interstitial pneumonia in calves
t
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus infection is usually endemic in cattle farms
t
Bovine parainffuenza-3 virus generally causes aerosol infection
t
Fever, coughing, nasal discharge are common clinical signs of bovine PI-3 infection
t
Disease caused by bovine parainfluenza 3 virus can be diagnosed using paired sera
t
Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 is frequently endemic in cattle farms
t
Parainfluenza 3 virus of cattle spreads mainly by arthropod vectors
f
Symptoms of parainfluenza 3 virus infection of cattle are similar to RS virus infection
t
Parainfluenza-3 virus of cattle can cause thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
f
Parainfluenza-3 virus infection of calves is frequently followed by secondary bacterial infection.
t
Parainfluenza-3 viruses causes disease primarily in young calves
t
A common route of infection with parainfluenza-3 is through inhalation
t
Parainfluenza-3 virus can predispose cattle to pneumonia caused by bacteria
t
The main clinical sign of a parainfluenza-3 infection is diarrhoea
f
Parainfluenza-3 virus aids in secondary bacterial contaminations
t
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute form of the disease
t
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cause an acute septicemia
f
Live mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccinations in Europe
t (not sure though)
Day-old chicken can be vaccinated with apathogenic strains to prevent ND
t
Hen flocks are vaccinated with lentogenic/apathogenic strains to induce maternal immunity
t
Mesogenic strains of NDV are used for vaccination in some countries
t
Apathogenic trains of NDV are used for vaccination
t
Velogenic-viscerotropic NDV strains can cause disease with high mortality
t
ND is caused by virulent strains of the APMV-1 serogroup
t
Members of every APMV serogroup can cause Newcastle disease
f
It is possible to determine the virulence of AMPV-1 strains by sequencing
t
A usual 1st symptom of neurotropic-vNDV infection is diarrhea
f
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in ducks
f
An acute, nervous form of Newcastle disease can frequently be seen in dogs
f
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of serogroup APMV-1
t
An intracerebral pathogenicity index higher than 0.7 is a criterion of ND
t
The sequence of Newcastle disease virus F0 splice is a significant factor in its virulence
t
Newcastle Disease ND viruses cause dwarfism in embryonated chicken eggs
f
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Newcastle disease
f
Only faeces of the infected birds contains Newcastle disease virus
f
Diarrhoea is a clinical sign of Newcastle disease
t
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the chicken embryo survival index
t
Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus 1
t
Newcastle disease virus can infect only chicken
f
Worldwide distribution is common for Newcastle disease virus
t
Inhalation is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
t
Per os infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
t
Eurasia is free from Newcastle disease
f
Humans are resistant against Newcastle disease virus
f
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus cause severe fatal infection
f
Lentogenic NDV may cause disease in young turkey
t (not sure though)
Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of Newcastle disease virus
f
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus can cause high morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks
f
Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than velogenic
f
Newcastle disease virus causes viraemia
t
Newcastle disease virus damages blood vessels
t
The clinical signs of Newcastle disease and avian influenza are similar
t
Virulence of Newcastle disease virus can be characterised with the intracerebral pathogenicity index
t
There are different virulence variants of Newcastle disease virus
t
Only inactivated vaccines may be used for the prevention of Newcastle disease
f
Velogenic Newcastle disease virus is more virulent than mesogenic
t
Tremor, spasms and torcicollis are clinical signs of Newcastle disease
t
Newcastle disease, splice site significant
t
Vaccination against Newcastle disease is used all over world
t
The vaccine for NDV is a lentogenic strain
t
Lentogenic stain is used in vaccines for new castles disease
t
Newcastle disease virus velogen viscerotop and neurotrop causes neurological signs
t
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of the Newcastle disease virus
t
The virulence of Newcastle disease strains can be determined by sequence analysis of certain genes
t
Newcastle disease virus cannot survive long in the environment
f
Newcastle disease virus is typically vectored by ticks
f
Velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus always cause encephalitis
t
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
t
Velogenic viscerotrop strains of Newcastle disease virus can be used for vaccine production
f
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong into 9 serogroups
t
Lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus do not cause clinical signs
f
Wild boars may transmit Newcastle disease virus
f
Any member of the avian paramyxovirus serogroups may cause Newcastle disease
f
Avian paramyxovirus-1 usually causes central nervous disease in pigeons
t
Newcastle disease virus can be taken up by inhalation and per os
t
CNS clinical signs are frequently seen in chicken in the case of Newcastle disease
t
Newcastle disease could easily be differentiated from avian influenza
f
Using vaccines of velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus good protection can be reached
f
Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian metapneumovirus infection
t
Avian metapneumovirus infection occurs only in America
f
Avian metapneumovirus infection spreads very fast within the flock
t
Disease caused by avian metapneumovirus is more severe in turkeys than hens
t
In avian metapneumovirus infection the egg production drops/decreases
t
Swollen head syndrome (SHS) caused by avian metapneumonia virus
t
Wild birds may be reservoir hosts of avian metapneumoviruses
t
Avian metapneumoviruses can cause respiratory signs and egg production problems
t
Turkey rhinotracheitis virus causes disease in turkeys and chickens
t
Turkey rhinotracheitis is most frequent at 4-9 weeks of age
f (all ages are susceptible)
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses
t
Rhabdoviruses are resistant viruses they can remain infective in the environment for several weeks
f
Rhabdoviruses are generally good antigens
t
Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months
f
The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus has a narrow host range
f
Vesicular stomatitis is a frequent disease in Africa
f
Vesicular stomatitis is a widespread disease all over the world
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause clinical signs in horses
t
Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic disease
t
Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
t
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is low
t
The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high
f
Vesicular stomatitis causes large number of vesicles in humans
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and direct contact
t
The clinical signs of foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis cannot be differentiated in horses
f
Vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted only by arthropods
f
Vesicular Stomatitis virus can be transmitted by arthropods
t
Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, horses, pigs, and humans
t
Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause viraemia only local lesions
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects
t
After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity
f
Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized
t
Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot
t
Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis
f
Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover
t
Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America
t
The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same
f
Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus
t
In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus
f
Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines
f
The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc
f
The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low
t
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats
t
The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide
t
Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America
t
Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine
f
Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus
f
Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans
t
Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks
t
There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitisf
?
Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus
t
Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact
t
Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans
f
Ephemeral fever virus is transmitted by arthropods
t
Direct contact is the main way of transmission of ephemeral fever virus
f
Ephemeral fever is a frequent disease all over the world
f
Ephemeral fever is a zoonotic disease
f
Ephemeral fever virus is shed in large amount in the saliva
f
Ephemeral fever occurs only in America
f
The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever
t
Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever
t
Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries
t
Inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus
f
The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle
f
Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days
t
In the case of silent rabies rabid dogs cannot bark
f
There is a high level of cross protection between phylogroups of rabies viruses
f
Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact
t
Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen in the case of rabies
t
Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virusf
?
Rabies virus is uniform without serotypes, genotypes etc
f
Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies
t
Puppies have to be vaccinated against rabies at the age of 6 weeks
f
Rabies virus can infect humans; however, humans are not very susceptible
t
Bat lyssaviruses cannot infect humans
f
Bats infected with European bat lyssaviruses frequently attack animals
f
Rabies is a notifiable disease
t
Increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies
t
Sylvatic rabies is maintained by wild living animals
t
Foxes maintain sylvatic rabies in Europe
t
Racoon is one of the species that maintains sylvatic rabies in America t
?
In order to prevent sylvatic rabies, foxes are vaccinated per os with live vaccine in bait
t
Changed behaviour and paralysis are clinical signs of rabies
t
The incubation time of rabies is generally 24-72 hours; however, exceptions can occur
f
