Epi Mix AC 5601-5800 Flashcards
The infectious bursal disease virus is transmitted only vertically
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Anaemia and depression are frequent signs of infectious bursal disease
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Only inactivated vaccines can be used against infectious bursal disease
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The infectious bursal disease virus is very sensitive to detergents
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In Europe only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) can be found
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The Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is very resistant in the environment
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Infection of day-old chicken with IBDV may cause permanent immunosuppression
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Pathology lesions of the Infectious Bursal Disease can be similar to the Avian influenza
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Young chicken can be immunized only with inactivated IBDV vaccines
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Very virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) may cause disease in chicken with maternally derived antibodies too
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IBDV does not cause disease in adult chicken (over 2 months of age
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Fever, diarrhea and anemia are signs of the Infectious Bursal Disease
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Vaccines provide high level of protection against all IBDV strains
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Clinical manifestations of infectious bursal disease are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 and 6 weeks
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Moderately attenuated (“hot”) IBDV vaccines are used for the immunization of young chicken without yolk immunity
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The infectious bursitis virus has more than one virulence variants
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The infectious bursitis virus causes anaemia
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The infectious bursitis virus can be isolated on CAM
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There is no vaccine available against infectious bursitis virus
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The resistance of infectious bursitis virus is very high
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The infectious bursitis virus spreads by mosquitoes
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IBDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2-8 weeks of age
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By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBDV infection
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Infectious bursal disease causes severe illness, mainly in waterfowl
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The most frequent sign of infectious bursal disease is lameness
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Only attenuated live vaccines are effective against infectious bursal disease
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Several antigenic and virulence variants of infectious bursal disease virus are known
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The infectious bursitis is usually seen in 3 to 8 weeks-old flocks
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The most frequent sign of infectious bursal disease is lameness due to the inflammation of the subtendinal bursae
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The infectious bursitis virus is inactivated within 1-2 days in the environment
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A frequent sign of the infectious bursitis is encephalitis
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The infectious bursitis virus does not cause any damage in chickens under the age of two weeks
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Influenzaviruses have segmented genome
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HPAI and LPAI strains differ in the number of basal amino acids in the HA protein
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HA protein of influenza viruses is responsible for the attachment to the cell
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The M2 protein of influenza viruses serves as an ion channel important in the decapsidation
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Antigenic drift means serials of point mutations in the HA and NA genes
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The NA protein in the influenza virus is responsible for the release from the infected cells
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Enzymatic cleavage of the HA protein is needed for the influenza virus penetration into the cell
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Genetic reassortment of human and animal influenza viruses result in the occurrence of new human influenza strains
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Bats have an important role in the epidemiology of influenza
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Antigenic shift is behind the influenza pandemics
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Influenza viruses are classified into genera by their HA and NA proteins
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Influenza causes persistent infection in donkey
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The serotype of influenza viruses is determined by their HA and NA proteins
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The influenza viruses cause respiratory signs in sea mammals
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The host range of influenza virus is determined by the NA protein
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The bird to human host switch of influenza virus is mediated by swine
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The main host of influenza is the swine
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In humans inactivated vaccines are used for the immunisation against influenza
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Antigenic drift is behind the seasonal influenza epidemics
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Antigenic shift means the reassortment of the influenzavirus genome segments
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Influenzaviruses are sensitive to drying out
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For the in vitro propagation of influenza viruses embryonated eggs is used
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The high virulence of some influenza A viruses is the result of mutations in the HA gene
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Dogs are susceptible to horse origin influenza strains
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The HPAI strains can cause CNS Signs
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HPAI causes blood vessel damages and generalised infections
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The HPAI strains are usually developed from the H5 and H7 influenza viruses
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The LPAI causes immunosuppression
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Cat is susceptible to human seasonal influenza
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HPAI strains are mutations of LPAI strains
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HPAI strains belong into a certain haemagglutinin types
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Influenzas Causes enteric symptoms in human
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Anti-neuraminidase drugs inhibit the decapsidation of influenza viruses
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Swine recovered from influenza should not be kept for breeding
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Influenza causes high morbidity but low mortality in swine
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The HPAI causes skin haemorrhages in swine
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Swine influenza outbreaks occur usually during summer
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The mortality of swine influenza is high
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Swine influenza causes high morbidity rate
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To prevent complications of swine influenza penicillin injections are given to sick pigs
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Swine influenza is easily transmitted to people
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To prevent complications of swine influenza, antibiotics used
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In swine all influenza variants can be detected
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In a horse influenza outbreak all infected horses must be killed
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The generalized symptoms of horse influenza are result of the interferon response
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Racehorses should be vaccinated before the influenza season
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Breeding mares should be vaccinated before the influenza season
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Influenza causes persistent infection in horses
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The eggs produced in LPAI infected flock can be hatched
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The HPAI infection can be unambiguously differentiated from Newcastle disease by the clinical signs
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The HPAI strains can cause clinical signs in waterfowl
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In poultry farms LPAI may be endemic without clinical signs
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Waterfowl can carry the influenza viruses for long time
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Influenza viruses are shed by birds exclusively in the nasal discharge
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Avian influenza is zoonotic
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The virulence of avian influenza is determined by the i.v. pathogeny index and mortality
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Avian influenza can switch directly to human and cause epidemics with high case numbers as result of human to human transmission
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In birds all influenza variants can be detected
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Avian influenza of high economic impact is caused by HPAI strains
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Avian influenza virus is primarily spread through bronchial discharge and aerogenic route
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Avian influenza spread by bronchial discharge
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All Bunyaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
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Bunyaviruses cause oral infection
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The virus causing severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome is transmitted by tick
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Several bunyaviruses are zoonotic agents
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Serological cross-reactions are frequent between related bunyaviruses
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All bunyaviruses are vectored by insects
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All bunyaviruses are vectored by ticks
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Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods
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Several virus species belong to Bunyaviridae family, many present only in tropical regions
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Bunyaviruses are typically arboviruses
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Bunyaviriuses has good antigens and good immune reaction
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The Aino virus causes foetal development problems and abortion in sheep
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Akabane virus is zoonotic
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Akabane virus causes foetal damages in dogs
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Akabane disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
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Abortions and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease
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The Akabane disease is mainly seen in geese
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The Akabane disease can cause abortion in sheep
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The main symptoms of the akabane disease are foetal development disorders
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The main symptoms of akabane disease are the malformation of the fetus
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Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg viruses cause similar disease in ruminants
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Akabane occurs in South-West Africa and is a disease of swine
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Schmallenberg virus causes disease only in Suffolk sheep breed
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Schallenberg virus causes foetal damages in humans
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Schmallenberg virus causes foetal development problems more frequently in cattle than in sheep
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Schmallenberg virus is present worldwide
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Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in pigs
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Schmallenberg virus causes foetal damages in sheep
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Schmallenberg virius associated disease as 1st observed in 2011 in certain Western European countries
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The Schmallenberg virus causes severe disease in humans
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The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk production
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Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus
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In cattle Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with reduced milk production
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The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent
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Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus
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Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America
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Schmallenberg virus emerged in Western Europe, in 2011, and spread rapidly in ruminants
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In sheep the Schmallenberg virus mainly causes foetal malformations
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Schmallenberg spread by midges vectors
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No human case report on Schmallenberg virus
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Pneumonia and abortion are the main signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in sheep
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Midges are the main vectors of Schmallenberg virus
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Human is a competent host of Rift Valley fever virus i.e. the viraemic titre is high enough to infect the vector
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The Rift valley fever virus damages the blood vessels thus causes haemorrhages
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Wild rabbits are reservoirs of Rift valley fever virus
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Rift valley fever is a human only disease
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The rift valley fever virus causes foetal damages in sheep
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Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley fever virus
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Rift Valley fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants
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Rift Valley fever virus is a zoonotic agent
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The Rift Valley fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep
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Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley fever
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Rift-valley fever caused human epidemics in Africa
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Rift Valley fever virus caused severe human outbreaks in Africa and in the Arab peninsula
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The principle vectors of the rift valley disease are gnats.
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Rift valley fever outbreaks are most frequently seen in horses
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Rift valley fever virus may cause 100% mortality in young susceptible animals
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In enzootic regions vaccines are used for the prevention of rift valley fever
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Nairobi sheep disease causes generalized infection in the animals
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Vaccines are available in endemic regions to prevent Nairobi sheep disease
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Nairobi sheep disease leads to abortion in the infected pregnant animals
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Nairobi sheep disease causes haemorrhagic enteritis in the infected animals
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Nairobi disease virus causes foetal damages in sheep
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The Nairobi sheep disease can cause abortion in sheep.
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The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis
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Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease
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Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic
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Nairobi sheep disease can cause haemorrhagic enteritis among sheep
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The most important symptom of the Nairobi sheep disease is nephritis
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Nairobi disease occurs mainly in sheep
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The leading symptom of Nairobi disease is renal insufficiency
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The Nairobi sheep disease is vectored by ticks
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Nairobi sheep disease primarily causes pathological changes in the kidney (renal insufficiency
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Small rodents serve as reservoir hosts of Hantaviruses
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Hantaviruses can cause renal failure in human
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Hantaviruses may cause respiratory disease in humans
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Hantaviruses causes haemorrhagic fever in humans
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Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fevers in rodents
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Hanta viruses can cause renal symptoms in humans
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Mainly rodents are the natural reservoir of hanta viruses
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Hanta viruses are naturally maintained by rodents
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In domestic animals Hanta viruses typically cause liver dystrophy
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Hanta virus infected people may develop severe renal failure
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Rodents are reservoir for Hanta virus
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Hanta virus cause renal disorders in humans
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Hanta viruses cause encephalitis in horses
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The Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever is a human disease with headache, muscle pain and skin haemorrhages
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Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus is tick born
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Arterivirus, the virulence is highly variable
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The equine viral arteritis is caused by an arterivirus
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Serological tests can NOT be used for laboratory detection of equine viral arteritis
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Red blood cells can be used for laboratory detection of equine viral arteritis virus
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Nasal fluid can be used for laboratory detection of equine viral arteritis virus
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A semen sample can be used for laboratory detection of equine viral arteritis virus
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Equine arteritis virus is very resistant to physical damages
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Equine viral arteritis is usually asymptomatic
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In cases of equine viral arteritis, the rate of seroconverted animals increases with age
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The main target cells of equine viral arteritis are macrophages
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Equine Viral arteritis (EVA) virus can affect donkeys
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The persistence of EVA virus within one herd is usually caused by the stallions
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EVA is transmitted by sexual and aerogenic pathways
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EVA can cause persistent virus carrying
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Equine Viral Arteritis virus can infect by inhalation
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Vaccine against Equine Viral Arteritis is never used in Europe
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The Equine Viral Arteritis is caused by retrovirus
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The equine viral arteritis virus cannot damage the wall of blood vessels
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The equine viral arteritis virus rarely causes asymptomatic infection
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