Epi Mix AA 5201-5400 Flashcards
West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa
f
The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds
t
Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans.
t
Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals
t
West Nile fever occurs worldwide
t
Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species
t
The host range of West Nile virus is very wide
t
Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus
f
The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
t
The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known
f
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus.
f
The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges
f
West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
f
West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures
f
West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus
f
The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine
t
The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey
f
The yellow fever virus causes liver damages
t
The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans
t
BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases
t
BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants
f
Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment
f
Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known
t
In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf
t
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia
f
In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance
t
In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves
f
Swine are not susceptible to BVD
f
Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent
t
Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever
t
Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm
t
Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease
f
Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic
t
The BVD virus can infect pigs also
t
Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion
t
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection
f
Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion
f
Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease
t
In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease
t
Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV
t
Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression
t
BVDV can be transmitted by semen
t
BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
f
In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa
t
In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex
t
Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease
t
BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures
f
Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity
f
BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species
t
Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects
t
Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals
t
Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals
t
The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm
f
Two genotypes of the BVDV are known
t
BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains
t
Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV
t
BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression
t
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves
f
Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea
f
The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
t
Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV
f
Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV
f
Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
f
The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
f
BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age.
t
BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows
t
Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus
f
BVD virus exists in several serotypes
f
BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves
t
Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign
t
Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD
t
BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants
t
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI
f
Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
f
Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves
t
Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it
f
Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it
f
The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep
f
The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom
f
The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes
f
Goats can be infected with border disease
t
Border disease in most frequently seen in horses
f
In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance
t
The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep
f
Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages
t
Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes
t
Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs
f
Border disease occurs in Hungary
t
Border disease causes abortion in ewes
t
Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers
t
Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever
t
Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
t
Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products
t
Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat
t
The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
t
During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases
t
Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages
t
In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed
t
Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells
t
Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF
t
Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever
t
Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever
t
The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever
t
Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever
t
Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF
t
During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa
t
Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed
t
The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
f
Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets
t
CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
t
Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems
f
Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection
f
The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
t
The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF
t
Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection
t
Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating
t
CSF can cause transplacental infections
t
CSFV may case reproductive disorders
t
Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues
t
CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia
t
Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds
t
Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
t
Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas
t
Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV
t
In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever
f
In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed
t
Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever
t
Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression
t
All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent
f
Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far
f
CSF virus is an arbovirus
f
CSF virus is a zoonotic agent
f
Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
f
Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever
t
Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose
f
Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus
f
Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
f
Europe is free from CSFV
f
Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
f
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
f
The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
f
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
t
Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
t
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
t
Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
t
Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever
t
Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever.
t
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different
f
Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV.
t
Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV
t
All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence
f
The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
t
Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines
f
Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination
f
Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
f
Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
f
Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
t
Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production
f
Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C
f
Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
t
Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks
f
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs
t
Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
f
Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
f
Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen
f
Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
f
Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
t
CSF is spread via infected pigs
t
Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets
(In first half of pregnancy yes but not in second half… so T and F)
Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
f
To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
f
To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
f
Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs
f
CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines
f
CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever
t
CSF always causes abortion in pigs
f
Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
f
Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days
t
CSF was first written about in USA
t
First symptom of CSF is drooping ears
f
CSF virus has good resistance
t
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
f
The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
f
CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
t
The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
t
Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
f
Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV
t
Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV
?
CSF is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible
f
Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible to CSF
t
Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs of CSF
T
For prevention of CSF state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
f
The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
t
In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common
f
Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
t
In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
f
Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes
f
In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies
t
Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerosol) infection
f
Orbiviruses can be cultivated in vivo by inoculation of embryonated eggs
t
