Digestive System : Functions and Structures

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

Physical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the cell membranes can absorb and excretion of solid waste products

Question 2

Alimentary Canal

Answer 2

Tube extending from the mouth to the anus (only sphincter muscles)
Includes : mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal

Question 3

Accessory organs

Answer 3

Outside of the canal.

Includes : Salivary glands, teeth, tongue, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Question 4

Layers of the Alimentary Canal

Answer 4

(MSMS) 
Mucosa 
Submucosa 
Muscularis 
Serosa

Question 5

Mucosa

Answer 5

Inner epithelial lining that protects, lubricates, and contains vili that absorb nutrients

Question 6

Submucosa

Answer 6

Second connective tissue that contains blood vessels (carry away nutrients), lymphatic vessels, glands, and nerves

Question 7

Muscularis (Externa/Interna)

Answer 7

Third main layer consisting of the 2 layers of smooth muscle

Question 8

Submucosa and Muscularis function

Answer 8

Both layers work together to squeeze and shorten the canal in rhythmic movements called peristalsis that promote passage of substances through the canal

Question 9

Serosa

Answer 9

(Serous membrane) Outermost epithelial layer that protects and secretes serous fluid that lubricates the outer edge of the canal

Question 10

Accessory Gland Structures

Answer 10

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 11

Alimentary Canal Structures

Answer 11

Mouth 
Pharynx 
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine 
Rectum 
Anus

Question 12

Oral Cavity (mouth) Functions

Answer 12

Mastication
Mixes food with saliva - begins begins digestion of starches by the enzyme amylase
Prepares food into a bolus for deglutition

Question 13

Mastication

Answer 13

Chewing; physical digestion of food

Question 14

Degutition

Answer 14

Swallowing

Question 15

Pharynx location

Answer 15

Behind the nasal/oral cavities and larynx. Connects to the esophagus

Question 16

Pharynx Function

Answer 16

Passage way for substances into the body

Question 17

Esophagus Structure

Answer 17

Straight, collapsible tube that is lined with mucous cels for lubrication

Question 18

Esophagus Function

Answer 18

Provides passage from the pharynx to the stomach
Moves food down to stomach by peristalsis
Leads to Caridac (or Cardiaoesophageal) sphincter Muscle

Question 19

Cardic Sphincter Function

Answer 19

Muscle that controls opening to the stomach
“gatekeeper”
Prevents regurgitation

Question 20

Stomach Structure

Answer 20

J shaped, pouch like organ with an additional oblique muscular layer (total 3) that continues chemical and physical digestion of food

Question 21

Rugae

Answer 21

Folds in the inner layer that increase surface area and allow distention

Question 22

Gastric Glands

Answer 22

3 types of cells that makes gastric juice

• Goblet cells
• Chief cells
• Parietal cells

Question 23

Goblet cells

Answer 23

Mucous, protective layer of inside

Question 24

Chief Cells

Answer 24

Secrete pepsinogen (pepsin) digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids