Chapter 16 : Respiratory System and Functions (part 2)

Question 1

Trachea Structure

Answer 1

Flexible tube that extends downward front of the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity

Question 2

Trachea Function

Answer 2

Take air to the bronchi and expel air out through the larynx

Question 3

Trachea is lined with

Answer 3

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial (mucous) membrane

Question 4

Trachea has what rings

Answer 4

20 C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage keep the trachea from collapsing

Question 5

Bronchial Tree Structure

Answer 5

Branched airways leading from the trachea into microscopic air sacs of the lungs

Question 6

Primary bronchi (p) (Bronchus (s)) Structure

Answer 6

Two main branches of the trachea located at the 5th vertebra

Question 7

Alveoli Structure

Answer 7

Microscopic, simple squamous epithealial air sacs lined with capillaries (give lungs large surface area)

Question 8

Surfactant

Answer 8

Lipid and protein mixture that lines the alveoli and prevents collapse of the alveoli due to hydrogen bonding form the watery respiratory environment

Question 9

The Bronchial Tree in descending order

Answer 9

Primary Bronchi 
Left and right Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Alveolar ducts 
Alveoli 
Capillaries

Question 10

Lungs Structure

Answer 10

Soft, spongy, cone shaped organs in the thoracic cavity separated by the mediastinum and bordered by the diaphragm.
Lined by the visceral pleural membranes

Question 11

The how many lobes of the lungs are there

Answer 11

Right lung - 3 lobes

Left lung - 2 lobes

Question 12

Lungs Function

Answer 12

Ventilation and respiration (gas exchange)

Question 13

Respiratory membrane

Answer 13

Squamous epithelial tissue of alveoli wall and the epithelial walls of capillary bed fused together

Question 14

Partial Pressure

Answer 14

Pressure exerted by each gas in the mixture of air

Question 15

(Simple) Diffusion

Answer 15

Molecules move from areas of High Partial Pressure to areas of Low partial pressure

Question 16

Breathing Mechanisms through the Medulla Oblongata and Pons

Answer 16

Medulla Oblongata and pons send messages to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract
This causes the thoracic cavity to expand (increases in size)
Inspiration
Muscles relax and elastic recoil causes the thoracic cavity to return to resting position
Expiration

Question 17

Inspiration

Answer 17

Process of inhalation or breathing in

Question 18

Expiration

Answer 18

Process of exhalation or breathing out

Question 19

Spirometry

Answer 19

Measurement of the volumes of air moved during different intensities of breathing

Question 20

Tidal Volume

Answer 20

Volume of air moved during one respiratory cycle at rest (average 500 mL)

Question 21

Inspiratory Volume

Answer 21

Extra volume that can be forced INTO the lungs (Max 3000 mL)

Question 22

Expiratory Volume

Answer 22

Extra volume that can be forced OUT of the lungs (max 1.100 mL)

Question 23

Residual Volume

Answer 23

Air that remains in the lungs after forceful expiration (average 1.200 mL)

Question 24

Respiratory Capacities

Answer 24

Combining two or more volumes

Question 25

Vital Capacity

Answer 25

Inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and tidal volume (average 4.600 mL)

Question 26

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 26

Vital capacity + residual volume (average 5,800 mL but varies depending on age, sex, overall health, and body size)