Chapter 11 : Endocrine System

Question 1

Function of the Endocrine System

Answer 1

Secrete hormones to coordinate and direct activities of target cells or target organs

Question 2

Hormones influence processes such as

Answer 2

• Growth and development
• Reproduction
• Development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics
• The way the body uses and stores energy called metabolism
• The volume of fluid in the body
• The levels of electrolytes (salts) and sugar in the blood
• Immunity protection and defenses against stress

Question 3

Gland

Answer 3

Any organ that produces a secretion

Question 4

Exocrine Glands

Answer 4

Secrete substances into a duct

Question 5

Exocrine Gland examples

Answer 5

Sweat glands, mammary glands, digestive glands, and sebaceous glands

Question 6

Endocrine Glands

Answer 6

Secrete hormones directly into the blood stream or surrounding tissues

Question 7

Hormone

Answer 7

Chemical messenger that causes changes in a target cell with specific binding sites

Question 8

Steroid Hormones

Answer 8

Lipid hormones that diffuse through the cell membrane and bind with receptors on the DNA which alters gene expression
(determines which proteins will be produced)

Question 9

The Five groups of hormones

Answer 9

Glucocoticoids 
mineralcorticoids
Estrogens
Androgens 
Prostaglandins

Question 10

Peptide Hormones

Non-steroid

Answer 10

Protein hormones that bind to receptors on the outside of the cell membrane
(do not enter the cell)

Question 11

Peptide Hormones Examples

Answer 11

Epinephrine
Norepinphrine
Insulin

Question 12

Humoral Control

Answer 12

Conditions in the body stimulate a hormone to be released such as blood levels of glucose

Question 13

Negative Feedback Mechanism

Answer 13

A reversal of increase and decreases in body conditions to maintain homeostasis

Question 14

Negative Feedback Mechanism examples

Answer 14

Insulin secreted by the pancreas causes a decrease in glucose in the blood
( blood sugar)

Question 15

Hormonal Control

Answer 15

A hormone released by an endocrine gland stimulates the release of hormones from another endocrine gland

Question 16

Hormonal Control Example

Answer 16

A hormone from gland A causes the release of a hormone from gland B

Question 17

Tropic Hormones

Answer 17

Hormone whose target cells are another endocrine system gland

Question 18

Tropic Hormone example

Answer 18

The anterior pituitary gland releases thyroid - stimulating hormone a tropic hormone
This causes the thyroid gland to release the hormone thyroxine

Question 19

Neural Control

Answer 19

When the gland has direct contact with nerve fibers that send messages from the brain stimulating the release of a hormone

Question 20

Neural Control example

Answer 20

Adrenal gland secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) when the brain perceives fear or excitement