Chapter 3 (part 2): Cellular Transport

Question 1

Transport

Answer 1

Passage of substances through a membrane to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

The types of transport

Answer 2

Passive Transport

Active Transport

Question 3

Passive Transport

Answer 3

Does not require energy to move substances across the membrane

Question 4

Active Transport

Answer 4

Requires energy to move substances across a membrane

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

Is the net movement of a substance (liquid or gas) from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration (down its concentration gradient)

Question 6

Eventually, if no energy is input into the system (where the solution begins and the molecules were put into), the molecules will reach a state of

Answer 6

Equilibrium

Question 7

Equilibrium

Answer 7

When molecules are distributed equally throughout the system

Question 8

Diffusion of water

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Hows does water move in solutions with solute

Answer 9

From high concentration of water (less salt or sugar dissolved in it) to a low concentration of water (more dissolved in it)

Question 10

Water can cross the cell membrane through the

Answer 10

Phospholipid bi-layer

Question 11

Types of Solutions depends on

Answer 11

The amount of solute dissolved outside of the cell

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

Substances doing the dissolving (water)

Question 13

Solute

Answer 13

Substances being dissolved (Glucose)

Question 14

Isotonic Solution

Answer 14

Solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell

Question 15

How does osmosis occur evenly

Answer 15

Net water movement is equal

Question 16

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 16

Solute concentration is lower outside than inside the cell

Question 17

In a hypotonic solution water moves

Answer 17

Into the cell

Question 18

Cytolysis

Answer 18

Cell ruptures or bursts open may occur if the solution is too hypotonic for the cell

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

Solute concentration is higher outside than inside the cell

Question 20

In a Hypertonic solution the water moves

Answer 20

Outside the cell

Question 21

Plasmolysis

Answer 21

Cell shrinking and shriveling may occur if the solution is too hypertonic for the cell

Question 22

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 22

Integral proteins in the cell membrane attach to a molecule and allow it to pass into or out of the cell down its concentration gradient

Question 23

Filtration

Answer 23

Forcing molecules thru a membrane with natural energy (gravity, blood pressure)

Question 24

Filtration is generally used (everyday) to make

Answer 24

Coffee

Question 25

Filtration used to

Answer 25

Separate solids form liquids

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

Substances move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration gradient by way of integral protein

Question 27

Example of Active transport

Answer 27

Sodium (Na+) / Potassium (K+) Pump

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

Engulfing large substances into a cell

Question 29

Pinosytosis

Answer 29

“Cell drinking”,

• a portion of the cell membrane indents and surrounds a lipid
• the indented portion then pinches off forming a vesicle
• the membrane then ruptures allowing the liquid to become part of the cytoplasm
• the cell then uses the contents for its functioning

Question 30

Pinosytosis

Answer 30

“Cell eating”

Same steps as with pinocytosis but with solids

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

Process by which large particles leave the cell

Question 32

The Exocytosis process

Answer 32

• Vesicles containing large particles fuse with the cell membrane
• The membrane then ruptures, spilling contents to the outside of the cell