Chapter 11 : Endocrine System (Glands)

Question 1

Pituitary Gland Structure

Answer 1

Anterior and posterior lobes

Question 2

Pituitary Gland Location

Answer 2

Base of the brain in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone closely associated with hypothalamus

Question 3

Pituitary Gland General Function

Answer 3

Called the “Master” gland because it produces hormones that target hormone release form other endocrine glands

Question 4

Thyroid Gland Structure

Answer 4

Two lobes

Question 5

Thyroid Gland Location

Answer 5

In the neck located below the larynx and over portions of the trachea

Question 6

Thyroid Gland General Function

Answer 6

Produces hormones that control the body’s metabolism

Question 7

Parathyroid Gland Structure

Answer 7

Four tiny epithelial knots

Question 8

Parathyroid Gland Location

Answer 8

Around the posterior thyroid gland

Question 9

Parathyroid Gland General Functions

Answer 9

Produces hormones that increase blood calcium levels

Question 10

Pineal Gland Structure

Answer 10

Small round gland

Question 11

Pineal Gland Location

Answer 11

posterior, inferior portion of the brain (in the diecephalons)

Question 12

Pineal Gland General Function

Answer 12

Regulates the body’s sleep/wake cycle

Question 13

Pancreas Structure

Answer 13

An elongated organ associated with the start of the small intestine
(looks like a feather)

Question 14

Pancreas Location

Answer 14

Posterior to the stomach along the abdominal wall

Question 15

Pancreas General Function

Answer 15

Produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

Question 16

Thymus Gland Structure

Answer 16

2 lobes (larger in children; shrink in adults)

Question 17

Thymus Gland Location

Answer 17

In the mediastinum posterior to the sternum

Question 18

Thymus Gland General Function

Answer 18

Produces hormones that stimulate white blood cell development

Question 19

Gonads Structures

Answer 19

Male - testes

Female - ovaries

Question 20

Gonads Location

Answer 20

Pelvic cavity

Question 21

Gonads General Function

Answer 21

Ovaries produce hormones that influence female primary and secondary sex characteristics
Testes produce hormones that influence male primary and secondary sex characteristics

Question 22

Adrenal Gland Structure

Answer 22

Medulla (inside)

Cortex (outside)

Question 23

Adrenal Gland Location

Answer 23

Top of kidneys

Question 24

Adrenal Gland General Functions

Answer 24

Medulla “Fright, fight, or flight” response

cortex regulates that body’s mineral storage and water balance