Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CTC Bio 1107 > Chapter 3: Organelle Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Organelle Structure and Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The 3 parts of the cell theory

A
  • All livings things are made up of one or more cells
  • Cells are basic unit of structure and function
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

They are limited by their surface area to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do cells sometimes rupture?

A

When the surface area increases then the cell membrane accommodates volume - so if it increases in volume too fast it will rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do cells come in a variety of shapes?

A

They all begin as stem cells then differentiate based on function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organelles

A

Internal parts of the cell that do specific jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eukaryotic cells (You and Me) (true)

A

Have membrane bound organelles and a true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prokaryotic cells (no)

A

Lack membrane bound organelles and not a true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eukaryotic cells are found in what organisms?

A

Animal and plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prokaryotic cells are found in what organisms?

A

Bacteria and some unicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

A double layer of phospholipid molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Each molecule in the Phospholipid Bilayer has

A
  • A polar head that is hydrophilic

- 2 non-polar tails that are hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of the Cell (plasma) membrane

A

“Security Gate”

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cholestrol Molecules ( in the cell membrane)

A

Hard fatty molecule embedded in cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbhoydrates ( in the cell membrane)

A

Attached to the outer surface of cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cholestrol Molecule Functions (in the cell membrane)

A

Gives cell membrane support and keep it water resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrate (in cell membrane) function

A

To bind with specific molecules and aid in cell recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peripheral protein (in the cell membrane)
Location
Function

A

Located on the interior and exterior of cell membrane

Function - self recognition and other cellular recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functional names of Carbohydrate Molecules
When combined with lipid
When bound with protein

A

glycolipid

glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Integral Proteins ( in the cell membrane)
Location
Function

A

Location - embedded in the cell membrane

Function - transport substances thru the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functional names of Integral proteins

A

Transmembrane proteins
Carrier proteins
Transport proteins
Channel proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytoplasm structure

A

Jelly - like substance between the nucleus and cell membrane
(also called cytosol when combined with organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cytoplasm function

A

“Atmosphere” of the cell tha contains organelles and provides a background (matrix) for cellular reactions and activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mitochondria structure

A

Looks like elongated sacs
Outer membrane acts as a barrier
Inner membrane contains folds called cristae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cristae function

A

Increase surface area making more room for chemical reactions to occur and contain enzymes that speed up chemical reaations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mitochondria function

A

“Gas station”
“power house”
Site of chemical reactions of cellular respiration

26
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process of transferring organic compounds, such ad glucose, into ATP, that cells use for energy

27
Q

Nucleus contains

A

Nuclear envelope
Chromatin
Nucleolus

28
Q

Nuclear envelope structure

A

Surrounds Nucleus

Has pores to allow substances to pass into/out of nucleus

29
Q

Chromatin Structure

A

Fine strands of DNA that, when combined in pairs of two, form a Chromosome

30
Q

Nucleolus structure

A

Dark spot in center

31
Q

Nucleus function

A

“Boss” of the cell

Center of cell that directs all cell activities

32
Q

Nuclear pore function

A

“Secretaries”

Allow substances into the nucleus to see the “Boss”

33
Q

Chromatin function

A

“Brain”

Tells what proteins need to be produced

34
Q

Nucleolus function

A

“Contractor”

Builds the ribosomes

35
Q

Ribosome structure

A

Membrane that is made in the nucleus and then shipped out to cytosol or RER
Composed of RNA and proteins
Smallest dots within the cell

36
Q

Ribosome function

A

“Protein Factory”

Synthesizes proteins from amino acids

37
Q

2 Places ribosomes can be found

A

Free floating - in cytoplasm

Attached - connected to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

38
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum structure

A

System of interconnected membranes that form tunnels throughout the cell

39
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum function

A

“Subway”
“Highway”
To provide a path for intracellular transport

40
Q

2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth (SER) - no ribosomes

Rough (RER) - ribosomes attached to membrane

41
Q

Smooth ER function

A

Makes steroids in gland cells, regulates calcium in muscle cells and breaks down toxic materials in liver cells

42
Q

Rough ER function

A

Protein export and taking proteins to cell membrane

43
Q

Golgi Apparatus structure

A

Consists of 6 flat stacked sacs whose membrane often connects in with the ER

44
Q

Golgi Apparatus function

A

“Packaging Plant”

Refines, packages, and delivers proteins made by ribosomes

45
Q

The 5 steps to the Golgi Apparatus packaging process

A
  1. Proteins arrive to the Golgi sacs
  2. Attached a sugar to the protein forming a glycoprotein
  3. Glycoprotein pass through each layer and are modified by either gaining or losing sugars
  4. Packaged into Golgi membrane and pinched off into a vesicle
  5. Either sent o to other organelles or sent to cell membrane to release substances as a “secretion”
46
Q

Lysosome structure

A

Tiny sacs that contain digestive enzymes

“medium size dots”

47
Q

Lysosome function

A

“Garbage disposals”

Get rid of waste in cell such as dead organelles and metabolic by products

48
Q

Why are Lysosomes called “suicide bags”

A

When they burst the cell dies

49
Q

Cytoskeleton structure

A 
Long protein strands (microfilaments) 
Small tubes (microtubules)
50
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

“Bones” and “Muscles” of the cell that provide support and movement

51
Q

2 types of Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments

Microtubules

52
Q

Microfilaments

A

Made of actin protein that function in cell movement and muscle contraction

53
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow tubes that give support and form the spindle fibers during cell division

54
Q

Cilia structure

A

Made of microtubules

short and numerous attached to the cell membrane

55
Q

Cilia function

A

Assist in movement of the cell or substances across the cell

56
Q

Flagella structure

A

Made of Microtubles
Long and tail like
only 1-3 per cell attached to the cell membrane

57
Q

Flagella function

A

Assist in movement of the cell or substances across the cell

58
Q

Peroxisome structure

A

Membrane sacs that contain detoxifying enzymes
Abundant in liver and kidney cells
( Bigger than Lysosomes)
Medium / large dots within the cell

59
Q

Peroxisome function

A

Reactions that detoxify substances such as alcohol and metabolic by products such as hydrogen peroxide

60
Q

2 centrioles together make

A

Centrosome

61
Q

Centriole structure

A

2 hollow cylinders

62
Q

Centriole function

A

Distribute chromosomes to newly formed cells created by mitosis (ensure proper amount of DNA goes to each new cell)

CTC Bio 1107 (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions